ArticlePloS one2017
Hazardous air pollutants and primary liver cancer in Texas.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- The association between air pollution and cancers: controversial evidence of a systematic review.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2020Pooled it
- Spatial analysis of air pollution and cancer prevalence in Texas: a machine learning approach using satellite remote sensing data.Environmental monitoring and assessment · 2026Article
- Article
- Global, regional and national burden of liver cancer 1990-2021: a systematic analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Association of air pollution with postmenopausal breast cancer risk in UK Biobank.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2023Article
- Increased Risk of Malignancy with Immunosuppression: A Population-Based Analysis of Texas Medicare Beneficiaries.Cancers · 2023Article
- Hazardous air pollutants and telomere length in the Sister Study.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2019Article
- microRNA-16 Via Twist1 Inhibits EMT Induced by PM2.5 Exposure in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2019Article
- Vinyl Institute Comments on Cicalese et al.: "An Ecological Study of the Association between Air Pollution and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Incidence in Texas".Liver cancer · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common primary liver cancer, is increasing in the US and tripled during the past two decades. The reasons for such phenomenon remain poorly understood. Texas is among continental states with the highest incidence of liver cancer with an annual increment of 5.7%. Established risk factors for HCC include Hepatitis B and C (HBV, HCV) viral infection, alcohol, tobacco and suspected risk factors include obesity and diabetes. While distribution of these risk factors in the state of Texas is similar to the national data and homogeneous, the incidence of HCC in this state is exceptionally higher than the national average and appears to be dishomogeneous in various areas of the state suggesting that other non-recognized risk factors might play a role. No population-based studies are currently available investigating the effect of exposure to Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) as a contributing risk factor for liver cancer. Incidence rate of liver cancer in Texas by counties for the time period between 2002 and 2012 was obtained from the Texas Cancer Registry (TCR). Through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) a subgroup of pollutants, explaining almost all the dataset variability, were identified and used to cluster Texas counties. The analysis generated 4 clusters showing liver cancer rate either higher or lower than national average in association with either high or low levels of HAPs emission in the environment. The study shows that the selected relevant HAPs, 10 among 253 analyzed, produce a significant correlation (P = 0.01-0.05) and some of these have been previously identified as carcinogens. An association between the increased production and consequent exposure to these HAPs and a higher presence of liver cancer in certain counties is suggested. This study provides a new insight on this complex multifactorial disease suggesting that environmental substances might play a role in the etiology of this cancer.
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