SynthesisThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene2017
Effects of Boiling Drinking Water on Diarrhea and Pathogen-Specific Infections in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations of water quality with cholera in case-control studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Effectiveness of solar disinfection water treatment method for reducing childhood diarrhoea: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2020Pooled it
- Behavioral Adaptation to Improved Environmental Quality: Evidence From a Sanitation Intervention.Health economics · 2025Trial
- The association between all-cause mortality with drinking habits and water sources: a nationwide longitudinal study on Chinese elderly.Journal of global health · 2025Article
- Health Trade-Offs of Boiling Drinking Water with Solid Fuels: A Modeling Study.Environmental health perspectives · 2025Article
- How Sociodemographic, Water, and Sanitation Factors Influence Diarrhea in Children Under Five: Insights from Indonesia's Underdeveloped Regions.Journal of research in health sciences · 2025Article
- Water, environment, and health nexus: understanding the risk factors for waterborne diseases in communities along the Tano River Basin, Ghana.Journal of water and health · 2024Article
- The rise of diarrheal illnesses in the children of Pakistan amidst COVID-19: A narrative review.Health science reports · 2023Article
- Factors that influence safe water drinking practices among older persons in slums of Kampala: Analyzing disparities in boiling water.PloS one · 2023Article
- Improved Water and Waste Management Practices Reduce Diarrhea Risk in Children under Age Five in Rural Tanzania: A Community-Based, Cross-Sectional Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Associations of Boiled Water and Lifespan Water Sources With Mortality: A Cohort Study of 33,467 Older Adults.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Interventions promoting uptake of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) technologies in low- and middle-income countries: An evidence and gap map of effectiveness studies.Campbell systematic reviews · 2021Article
- Knowledge, Practice of Personal Hygiene, School Sanitation, and Risk Factors of Contracting Diarrhea among Rural Students from Five Western Provinces in China.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Detection of Human Adenovirus, Rotavirus, and Enterovirus in Tap Water and Their Association with the Overall Quality of Water in Karachi, Pakistan.Food and environmental virology · 2021Article
- Boiled or Bottled: Regional and Seasonal Exposures to Drinking Water Contamination and Household Air Pollution in Rural China.Environmental health perspectives · 2020Article
- Assessment of the Feasibility and Acceptability of Using Water Pasteurization Indicators to Increase Access to Safe Drinking Water in the Peruvian Amazon.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2020Article
- A factorial cluster-randomised controlled trial combining home-environmental and early child development interventions to improve child health and development: rationale, trial design and baseline findings.BMC medical research methodology · 2020Article
- Association of Poor Sanitation With Growth Measurements Among Children in India.JAMA network open · 2020Article
- Relationship of sanitation, water boiling, and mosquito nets to health biomarkers in a rural subsistence population.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2020Article
- Physicochemical Parameters and Alarming Coliform Count of the Potable Water of Eastern Himalayan State Sikkim: An Indication of Severe Fecal Contamination and Immediate Health Risk.Frontiers in public health · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Globally, approximately 2 billion people lack microbiologically safe drinking water. Boiling is the most prevalent household water treatment method, yet evidence of its health impact is limited. To conduct this systematic review, we searched four online databases with no limitations on language or publication date. Studies were eligible if health outcomes were measured for participants who reported consuming boiled and untreated water. We used reported and calculated odds ratios (ORs) and random-effects meta-analysis to estimate pathogen-specific and pooled effects by organism group and nonspecific diarrhea. Heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed using
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.