ArticleNano letters2017
Biologically Inspired Design of Nanoparticle Artificial Antigen-Presenting Cells for Immunomodulation.
Article in Nano letters, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed.
- Immunofunctions of Protein and Carbohydrate Assemblies Modulated by Structures Acrossing Scales as Biomaterials.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
- Article
- Erythrocyte-inspired biomaterials for cancer immunotherapy: Integration within the cancer-immunity cycle.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Ready-to-load MHC-I nanoparticles for high-throughput T cell screening studies.Science advances · 2026Article
- Engineered artificial antigen-presenting cells for tumor immunotherapy: Design strategies, clinical applications, and translational challenges.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Geometric Adjustment of T Cell-Sensitive Nanorobots for Enhanced Stability.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
- Direct delivery of immune modulators to tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes using engineered extracellular vesicles.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Article
- Alginate-based artificial antigen presenting cells expand functional CD8Biomaterials · 2025Article
- Nano-enabled strategies for targeted immunotherapy in gastrointestinal cancers.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Emerging approaches for T cell-stimulating platform development.Cell systems · 2024Review
- Ex vivo expansion and hydrogel-mediated in vivo delivery of tissue-resident memory T cells for immunotherapy.Science advances · 2024Article
- STING-activating dendritic cell-targeted nanovaccines that evoke potent antigen cross-presentation for cancer immunotherapy.Bioactive materials · 2024Article
- Immunomodulatory nanoparticles activate cytotoxic T cells for enhancement of the effect of cancer immunotherapy.Nanoscale · 2024Review
- Engineering Functional Particles to Modulate T Cell Responses.Accounts of materials research · 2024Article
- Recent Review on Biological Barriers and Host-Material Interfaces in Precision Drug Delivery: Advancement in Biomaterial Engineering for Better Treatment Therapies.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Surface-Functionalized Microgels as Artificial Antigen-Presenting Cells to Regulate Expansion of T Cells.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2024Article
- Integrating multiplexed imaging and multiscale modeling identifies tumor phenotype conversion as a critical component of therapeutic T cell efficacy.Cell systems · 2024Article
- Biomaterials-mediated ligation of immune cell surface receptors for immunoengineering.Immuno-oncology technology · 2024Review
- Application of magnetic nanoparticles in adoptive cell therapy of cancer; training, guiding and imaging cells.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2024Review
- Nanobiomaterials: exploring mechanistic roles in combating microbial infections and cancer.Discover nano · 2023Review
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Particles engineered to engage and interact with cell surface ligands and to modulate cells can be harnessed to explore basic biological questions as well as to devise cellular therapies. Biology has inspired the design of these particles, such as artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs) for use in immunotherapy. While much has been learned about mimicking antigen presenting cell biology, as we decrease the size of aAPCs to the nanometer scale, we need to extend biomimetic design to include considerations of T cell biology-including T-cell receptor (TCR) organization. Here we describe the first quantitative analysis of particle size effect on aAPCs with both Signals 1 and 2 based on T cell biology. We show that aAPCs, larger than 300 nm, activate T cells more efficiently than smaller aAPCs, 50 nm. The 50 nm aAPCs require saturating doses or require artificial magnetic clustering to activate T cells. Increasing ligand density alone on the 50 nm aAPCs did not increase their ability to stimulate CD8+ T cells, confirming the size-dependent phenomenon. These data support the need for multireceptor ligation and activation of T-cell receptor (TCR) nanoclusters of similar sizes to 300 nm aAPCs. Quantitative analysis and modeling of a nanoparticle system provides insight into engineering constraints of aAPCs for T cell immunotherapy applications and offers a case study for other cell-modulating particles.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.