ArticleFrontiers in immunology2017
Prolonged Excretion of Poliovirus among Individuals with Primary Immunodeficiency Disorder: An Analysis of the World Health Organization Registry.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review of Poliovirus Transmission and Economic Modeling to Support Global Polio Eradication: 2020-2024.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Pooled it
- VP1 molecular evolution of type 2 immunodeficiency-related vaccine-derived polioviruses (iVDPV2) in a patient with primary immunodeficiency disease (PID).Virus genes · 2026Article
- Genetic Diversity and Excretion Kinetics of Enteroviruses Excreted by Patients with Primary Immunodeficiency in Tunisia over a Five-Year Period (2020-2024).Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Public health response to immunodeficiency-related vaccine-derived poliovirus during a poliovirus outbreak in the Philippines: a case report.IJID regions · 2025Article
- Immunodeficiency-Related Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus (iVDPV) Infections: A Review of Epidemiology and Progress in Detection and Management.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Article
- Population Immunity and Polio Eradication.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Article
- Asymptomatic immunodeficiency-associated vaccine-derived poliovirus infections in two UK children.Nature communications · 2023Article
- The Fight against Poliovirus Is Not Over.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Poliovirus surveillance in patients with primary immunodeficiencies, India.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2023Article
- Total Hip Arthroplasty in the Nonparalytic Limb of Residual Poliomyelitis Patients: A Propensity Score Matched Study.Orthopaedic surgery · 2023Article
- Monogenic susceptibility to live viral vaccines.Current opinion in immunology · 2021Review
- Poliovirus excretion among children with primary immune deficiency in Pakistan: a pilot surveillance study protocol.BMJ open · 2021Article
- Article
- Coordinated Response to Imported Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Infection, Barcelona, Spain, 2019-2020.Emerging infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Update on Immunodeficiency-Associated Vaccine-Derived Polioviruses - Worldwide, July 2018-December 2019.MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report · 2020Article
- Review of poliovirus modeling performed from 2000 to 2019 to support global polio eradication.Expert review of vaccines · 2020Review
- Surveillance optimisation to detect poliovirus in the pre-eradication era: a modelling study of England and Wales.Epidemiology and infection · 2020Article
- Evolving epidemiology of poliovirus serotype 2 following withdrawal of the serotype 2 oral poliovirus vaccine.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Individuals with primary immunodeficiency disorder may excrete poliovirus for extended periods and will constitute the only remaining reservoir of virus after eradication and withdrawal of oral poliovirus vaccine. Here, we analyzed the epidemiology of prolonged and chronic immunodeficiency-related vaccine-derived poliovirus cases in a registry maintained by the World Health Organization, to identify risk factors and determine the length of excretion. Between 1962 and 2016, there were 101 cases, with 94/101 (93%) prolonged excretors and 7/101 (7%) chronic excretors. We documented an increase in incidence in recent decades, with a shift toward middle-income countries, and a predominance of poliovirus type 2 in 73/101 (72%) cases. The median length of excretion was 1.3 years (95% confidence interval: 1.0, 1.4) and 90% of individuals stopped excreting after 3.7 years. Common variable immunodeficiency syndrome and residence in high-income countries were risk factors for long-term excretion. The changing epidemiology of cases, manifested by the greater incidence in recent decades and a shift to from high- to middle-income countries, highlights the expanding risk of poliovirus transmission after oral poliovirus vaccine cessation. To better quantify and reduce this risk, more sensitive surveillance and effective antiviral therapies are needed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.