ArticleNature ecology & evolution2017
Ctenophore relationships and their placement as the sister group to all other animals.
Article in Nature ecology & evolution, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 108 papers.
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108 citing papers in PubMed.
- Evidence for an early cadherin-catenin interaction network in ctenophores.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Organization of the ctenophore tentacular apparatus: AdultiScience · 2026Article
- The evolutionary origins of synaptic proteins and their changing roles in different organisms across evolution.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2026Review
- Evolutionary dynamics of FoxQ2 transcription factors across metazoans reveals three ancient paralogs.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Early transitions in the evolution of cognition.History and philosophy of the life sciences · 2025Article
- Evolution of the Metazoan Protein Domain Repertoire Revealed by a Birth-Death-Gain Model.Journal of molecular evolution · 2025Article
- Sponges, ctenophores, and the statistical significance of syntenies.Molecular biology and evolution · 2025Article
- β-Catenin localization in the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi suggests an ancestral role in cell adhesion and nuclear function.Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists · 2025Article
- Apicortin, a Putative Apicomplexan-Specific Protein, Is Present in Deep-Branching Opisthokonts.Biology · 2025Article
- Ctenophores and parahoxozoans independently evolved functionally diverse voltage-gated K+ channels.The Journal of general physiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Structural, molecular and developmental evidence for cell-type diversity in cnidarian mechanosensory neurons.Nature communications · 2025Article
- The Chromosome-level Genome of the Ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi A. Agassiz, 1865 Reveals a Unique Immune Gene Repertoire.Genome biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Article
- The Buds of Oscarella lobularis (Porifera, Homoscleromorpha): A New Convenient Model for Sponge Cell and Evolutionary Developmental Biology.Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution · 2024Article
- Making Neurobots and Chimerical Ctenophores.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- A taxon-rich and genome-scale phylogeny of Opisthokonta.PLoS biology · 2024Article
- The origin and evolution of Wnt signalling.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2024Review
- Morphological and dietary changes encoded in the genome ofNAR genomics and bioinformatics · 2024Article
- The promise and pitfalls of synteny in phylogenomics.PLoS biology · 2024Article
48 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Ctenophora, comprising approximately 200 described species, is an important lineage for understanding metazoan evolution and is of great ecological and economic importance. Ctenophore diversity includes species with unique colloblasts used for prey capture, smooth and striated muscles, benthic and pelagic lifestyles, and locomotion with ciliated paddles or muscular propulsion. However, the ancestral states of traits are debated and relationships among many lineages are unresolved. Here, using 27 newly sequenced ctenophore transcriptomes, publicly available data and methods to control systematic error, we establish the placement of Ctenophora as the sister group to all other animals and refine the phylogenetic relationships within ctenophores. Molecular clock analyses suggest modern ctenophore diversity originated approximately 350 million years ago ± 88 million years, conflicting with previous hypotheses, which suggest it originated approximately 65 million years ago. We recover Euplokamis dunlapae-a species with striated muscles-as the sister lineage to other sampled ctenophores. Ancestral state reconstruction shows that the most recent common ancestor of extant ctenophores was pelagic, possessed tentacles, was bioluminescent and did not have separate sexes. Our results imply at least two transitions from a pelagic to benthic lifestyle within Ctenophora, suggesting that such transitions were more common in animal diversification than previously thought.
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