ArticleBMJ open2017
Knowledge, attitudes, perceptions and habits towards antibiotics dispensed without medical prescription: a qualitative study of Spanish pharmacists.
Article in BMJ open, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed.
- Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding antibiotic prescribing by dentists: a qualitative study in Chile.Journal of public health (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Understanding dentists' antibiotic prescribing behaviour in Spain: a focus group study.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2025Article
- Antibiotics stewardship: prevalence, nature, and factors associated with dispensing of antibiotics without prescription among community pharmacists in Nigeria.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2025Article
- Empowering Thai community pharmacists in combating antimicrobial resistance: Qualitative insight and sentiment analysis.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2024Article
- Validity and Reliability of a Questionnaire on Attitudes, Knowledge, and Perceptions of Pharmacy Students Regarding the Training Received on Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Resistance during Their University Studies.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- Antibiotics Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviours among the Population Living in Greece and Turkey.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Knowledge, Perceptions, and Perspectives of Medical Students Regarding the Use of Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance: A Qualitative Research in Galicia, Spain.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice Regarding Antibiotic Prescription by Medical Interns: A Qualitative Study in Spain.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Dispensing of antibiotics without prescription in the metropolitan area of Athens, Greece, in 2021-Can new legislation change old habits?Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2023Article
- Antibiotic Resistance Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices among Pharmacists: A Cross-Sectional Study in West Bank, Palestine.Journal of environmental and public health · 2023Article
- Community drug retail outlet staff's knowledge, attitudes and practices towards non-prescription antibiotics use and antibiotic resistance in the Amhara region, Ethiopia with a focus on non-urban towns.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2022Article
- Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Pharmacy Professionals Against Dispensing Antibiotics Without Prescription in Ethiopia.Integrated pharmacy research & practice · 2022Article
- Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding antibiotic use and resistance among community pharmacists: a cross sectional study in Jordan.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2021Article
- An Interventional Call-Back Service to Improve Appropriate Use of Antibiotics in Community Pharmacies.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Article
- Factors Related to Antibiotic Supply without a Prescription for Common Infections: A Cross-Sectional National Survey in Sri Lanka.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Antibiotic-Dispensing Practice in Community Pharmacies: Results of a Cross-Sectional Study in Italy.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2021Article
- Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice on Antibiotics and Its Resistance: A Two-Phase Mixed-Methods Online Study among Pakistani Community Pharmacists to Promote Rational Antibiotic Use.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Factors determining antibiotic use in the general population: A qualitative study in Spain.PloS one · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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Abstract
objectiveTo investigate community pharmacists' knowledge, attitudes, perceptions and habits with regard to antibiotic dispensing without medical prescription in Spain.
methodsA qualitative research using focus group method (FG) in Galicia (north-west Spain). FG sessions were conducted in the presence of a moderator. A topic script was developed to lead the discussions, which were audiorecorded to facilitate data interpretation and transcription. Proceedings were transcribed by an independent researcher and interpreted by two researchers working independently. We used the Grounded Theory approach.
settingCommunity pharmacies in Galicia, region Norwest of Spain.
participantsThirty pharmacists agreed to participate in the study, and a total of five FG sessions were conducted with 2-11 pharmacists. We sought to ensure a high degree of heterogeneity in the composition of the groups to improve our study's external validity. Pharmacists' participation had no gender or age restrictions, and an effort was made to form FGs with pharmacists who were both owners and non-owners, provided in all cases that they were Official Colleges of Pharmacists-registered community pharmacists. For the purpose of conducting FG discussions, the basic methodological principle of allowing groups to attain their 'own structural identity' was applied. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Community pharmacists' habits and knowledge with regard to antibiotics and identification of the attitudes and/or factors that influence antibiotic dispensing without medical prescription.
resultsPharmacists attributed the problem of antibiotics dispensed without medical prescription and its relationship to antibiotic resistance to the following attitudes: external responsibility (doctors, dentists and the National Health Service (NHS)); acquiescence; indifference and lack of continuing education.
conclusionsDespite being a problem, antibiotic dispensing without a medical prescription is still a common practice in community pharmacies in Galicia, Spain. This practice is attributed to acquiescence, indifference and lack of continuing education. The problem of resistance was ascribed to external responsibility, including that of patients, physicians, dentists and the NHS.
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