SynthesisCortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior2018
The potential of real-time fMRI neurofeedback for stroke rehabilitation: A systematic review.
Synthesis in Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A Guide to Literature Informed Decisions in the Design of Real Time fMRI Neurofeedback Studies: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2020Pooled it
- Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback for Reading Rehabilitation in Aphasia.Stroke · 2026Trial
- Real-time fMRI neurofeedback modulates auditory cortex activity and connectivity in schizophrenia patients with auditory hallucinations: A controlled study.Psychiatry research. Neuroimaging · 2025Trial
- Multimodal assessment of a BCI system for stroke rehabilitation integrating motor imagery and motor attempts: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Trial
- Self-modulation of motor cortex activity after stroke: a randomized controlled trial.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2022Trial
- EEG-controlled functional electrical stimulation rehabilitation for chronic stroke: system design and clinical application.Frontiers of medicine · 2021Trial
- Thyroid Dysfunction and Cognitive Impairment: Neural Mechanisms and Neurofeedback-Based Interventions.Brain and behavior · 2026Review
- Rewiring Recovery: Cognitive and Motor Gains Through Personalized Neurofeedback After Tumor Resection-A Case Series from Neurorehabilitation Practice.Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback · 2026Article
- Advancing Stroke Recovery Through Operant Conditioning of Corticomuscular Coherence.Restorative neurology and neuroscience · 2026Review
- Neurofeedback in Football: A Systematic Review of Cognitive, Technical, Physical and Psychological Outcomes.NeuroSci · 2026Review
- A Feasibility Study of Real-Time FMRI with Neurofeedback of Motor Performance in Cerebellar Ataxia.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- From Qualitative to Quantitative Functional Assessment in Stroke Rehabilitation with a Focus on Ultrasound Role.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- How to Improve Cognitive Flexibility: Evidence From Noninvasive Neuromodulation Techniques.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Review
- Evaluation of Theta EEG Neurofeedback Procedure for Cognitive Training Using Simultaneous fMRI in Counterbalanced Active-Sham Study Design.Human brain mapping · 2025Article
- Assessment of the effects of rehabilitation of hand function using a biometrics device in people after stroke - a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- From lab to life: challenges and perspectives of fNIRS for haemodynamic-based neurofeedback in real-world environments.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2024Review
- Use of functional magnetic resonance imaging to identify cortical loci for lower limb movements and their efficacy for individuals after stroke.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2024Article
- Optimizing spatial specificity and signal quality in fNIRS: an overview of potential challenges and possible options for improving the reliability of real-time applications.Frontiers in neuroergonomics · 2024Review
- Effects of visual-electrotactile stimulation feedback on brain functional connectivity during motor imagery practice.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Preliminary findings on long-term effects of fMRI neurofeedback training on functional networks involved in sustained attention.Brain and behavior · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (rt-fMRI) neurofeedback aids the modulation of neural functions by training self-regulation of brain activity through operant conditioning. This technique has been applied to treat several neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders, but its effectiveness for stroke rehabilitation has not been examined yet. Here, we systematically review the effectiveness of rt-fMRI neurofeedback training in modulating motor and cognitive processes that are often impaired after stroke. Based on predefined search criteria, we selected and examined 33 rt-fMRI neurofeedback studies, including 651 healthy individuals and 15 stroke patients in total. The results of our systematic review suggest that rt-fMRI neurofeedback training can lead to a learned modulation of brain signals, with associated changes at both the neural and the behavioural level. However, more research is needed to establish how its use can be optimized in the context of stroke rehabilitation.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.