ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2018
Dietary Protein Intake and Early Menopause in the Nurses' Health Study II.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Functional Data Analysis of Spatial Clustering Identifies Prognostic T Cell Patterns in Ovarian Cancer.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Bayesian multi-cell type models for the analysis of complex immune cell populations with application to ovarian cancer.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2026Article
- The role of diet in the pathogenesis and management of premature ovarian insufficiency.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Review
- Association Between Protein-Rich Foods, Nutritional Supplements, and Age of Natural Menopause and Its Symptoms.Nutrients · 2025Article
- The Role of Lifestyle and Dietary Factors in the Development of Premature Ovarian Insufficiency.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Is Alcohol Consumption Associated With Risk of Early Menopause?American journal of epidemiology · 2021Article
- Challenges and Opportunities in the Statistical Analysis of Multiplex Immunofluorescence Data.Cancers · 2021Review
- Introducing Plant-Based Mediterranean Diet as a Lifestyle Medicine Approach in Latin America: Opportunities Within the Chilean Context.Frontiers in nutrition · 2021Review
- Effects of Environment and Lifestyle Factors on Premature Ovarian Failure.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2021Article
- Protein intake and the risk of premenstrual syndrome.Public health nutrition · 2019Article
- A Prospective Study of Dairy-Food Intake and Early Menopause.American journal of epidemiology · 2019Article
- Physical activity is not related to risk of early menopause in a large prospective study.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2018Article
- A dietary pattern based on estrogen metabolism is associated with breast cancer risk in a prospective cohort of postmenopausal women.International journal of cancer · 2018Article
- AN AUTHOR REPLIES.American journal of epidemiology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Early menopause, which is the cessation of ovarian function before age 45 years, affects 5%-10% of Western women and is associated with an increased risk of adverse health outcomes. Literature suggests that high levels of vegetable protein intake may prolong female reproductive function. We evaluated the association of long-term intake of vegetable protein, animal protein, and specific protein-rich foods with incidence of early natural menopause in the Nurses' Health Study II cohort. Women included in analyses (n = 85,682) were premenopausal at baseline (1991) and followed until 2011 for onset of natural menopause. Protein intake was assessed via food frequency questionnaire. In Cox proportional hazard models that were adjusted for age, smoking, body mass index, and other factors, women in the highest quintile of cumulatively averaged vegetable protein intake (median, 6.5% of calories) had a significant 16% lower risk of early menopause compared with women in the lowest quintile (3.9% of calories; 95% confidence interval: 0.73, 0.98; P for trend = 0.02). Intake of specific foods, including pasta, dark bread, and cold cereal, was also associated with lower risk (P < 0.05). Conversely, animal protein intake was unrelated to risk. High consumption of vegetable protein, equivalent to 3-4 servings per day of protein-rich foods, is associated with lower incidence of early menopause in US women.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.