ArticleInfluenza and other respiratory viruses2018
Rapid changes in serum cytokines and chemokines in response to inactivated influenza vaccination.
Article in Influenza and other respiratory viruses, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01522248 (A Pilot Study to Examine the Early Cytokine Responses After Inactivated Influenza Vaccination in Adults 18-50.), which is not on this map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Pilot Study to Examine the Early Cytokine Responses After Inactivated Influenza Vaccination in Adults 18-50.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exogenous melatonin boosts vaccine-induced immunity in individuals with high pre-existing influenza immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Trial
- A Randomized First-in-Human Study With UB-312, a UBITh® α-Synuclein Peptide Vaccine.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2022Trial
- Recent vaccination exposure and central serous chorioretinopathy.Eye (London, England) · 2026Article
- Particularly strong immune response to influenza vaccination in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis linked to systemic inflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Observational
- Interleukin 8 as a Causal Link Between Aging and Impaired Influenza Antibody Responses in Older Adults.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Assessment ofMolecular pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Network analysis of adverse event patterns following immunization with mRNA COVID-19 vaccines: real-world data from the European pharmacovigilance database EudraVigilance.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Elevated NK and T cell-associated cytokines in plasma are associated with serological response to influenza vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Acute and persistent responses after H5N1 vaccination in humans.Cell reports · 2024Article
- Prior cycles of anti-CD20 antibodies affect antibody responses after repeated SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination.JCI insight · 2023Article
- The effects of Covid-19 mRNA vaccine on adolescence gynecological well-being.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2023Article
- Post-vaccination serum cytokines levels correlate with breakthrough influenza infections.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Article
- The effect of BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine on menstrual cycle symptoms in healthy women.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2023Article
- Distinct immune responses in the early phase to natural SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination.Journal of medical virology · 2022Article
- A microarray patch SARS-CoV-2 vaccine induces sustained antibody responses and polyfunctional cellular immunity.iScience · 2022Article
- Reactogenic sleepiness after COVID-19 vaccination. A hypothesis involving orexinergic system linked to inflammatory signals.Sleep medicine · 2022Review
- Increased Production of Inflammatory Cytokines after Inoculation with Recombinant Zoster Vaccine in Mice.Vaccines · 2022Article
- Investigating trends in those who experience menstrual bleeding changes after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.Science advances · 2022Article
- Safety and immunogenicity of the COVID-19 vaccine BNT162b2 in patients undergoing chemotherapy for solid cancer.Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe timing of host cytokine responses to influenza vaccination is poorly understood.
objectivesWe examined serum cytokine kinetics following inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) to better understand potential relationships between markers of inflammation and TIV-related side effects. PATIENTS/
methodsTwenty healthy adult subjects received TIV. Cytokines/chemokines were assessed in intervals from 3 hours to 14 days. Antibody titers were measured at baseline and Day 14.
resultsSerum cytokine responses to TIV were evident as early as 3 hours post-immunization. Compared to baseline, IFN-γ and IP-10 were significantly elevated 7 hours after TIV administration. Both remained elevated and peaked between 16 and 24 hours before returning to baseline by 44 hours post-vaccination. Although IL-8 levels were variable between subjects during the first 24 hours after TIV, by 44 hours, IL-8 was significantly lower compared to baseline. Interestingly, IL-8 levels remained significantly lower for up to 2 weeks after receiving TIV. Fifteen of 20 subjects reported mild adverse events. The one subject who reported moderate myalgias and injection site pain after vaccination displayed a distinctive, early cytokine response profile which included IL-6, IL-2, IL-8, IP-10, MCP-1, TNF-α, TARC, and MCP-4.
conclusionsSerum cytokines changed rapidly following TIV and generally peaked at 24 hours. Trivalent influenza vaccine-induced reductions in IL-8 occurred later (44 hours) and were sustained for 2 weeks. An outlier response coincided with the only moderate side effects to the vaccine. These data suggest that early cytokine/chemokine responses may provide additional insight into the pathogenesis of adverse events and immune reactivity to vaccination.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.