Trial reportJournal of diabetes science and technology2018
Impact of Injection Speed, Volume, and Site on Pain Sensation.
Trial report in Journal of diabetes science and technology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed.
- Denecimig (Mim8) prophylaxis in children with hemophilia A with or without factor VIII inhibitors.Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis · 2026Trial
- Denecimig (Mim8) prophylaxis over 52 weeks in adolescents and adults with hemophilia A: FRONTIER2 extension study.Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis · 2026Trial
- An Investigation Into Local Infusion Site Pain After Infusion of Ultra Rapid Lispro Excipients Across Sites and Depths.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2024Trial
- Investigating 3D-printed disk compressing against skin for pain relief in intradermal infiltration anesthesia: a randomized controlled trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2023Trial
- Ixekizumab Citrate-Free Formulation: Results from Two Clinical Trials.Advances in therapy · 2022Trial
- Transitioning Therapeutic Antibodies in Oncology from Intravenous to Hyaluronidase-Facilitated Subcutaneous Administration.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2026Review
- The association between patient- and procedure-related factors and patient-reported intraprocedural pain during fluoroscopically guided lumbar epidural injections: A real-world cohort study.Interventional pain medicine · 2026Article
- Comparative Evaluation of Pain Assessment Using Star Pen and Conventional Injection Technique during Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block Injection in Children Aged between 6 and 10 Years: A Randomized Controlled Trial.International journal of clinical pediatric dentistry · 2026Article
- From permeation enhancer to therapeutic enabler: Advances, applications, and translational perspectives in hyaluronidase-based drug delivery.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- A phase I clinical study to evaluate rapid, high-volume, subcutaneous auto-injector tolerability with recombinant human hyaluronidase.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Identification of factors related to pain from musculoskeletal injections.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Clinical Qualification of Subcutaneous Injection Devices for Monoclonal Antibodies.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2026Review
- Needle characteristics and the insulin injection experience in patients with diabetes.Acta diabetologica · 2025Review
- Customized Heparinized Alginate and Collagen Hydrogels for Tunable, Local Delivery of Angiogenic Proteins.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2025Article
- Article
- Does lidocaine reduce pain intensity during corticosteroid injection? A double-blind randomized controlled equivalence trial.The Journal of hand surgery, European volume · 2024Article
- Relevance of Adalimumab Product Attributes to Patient Experience in the Biosimilar Era: A Narrative Review.Advances in therapy · 2024Review
- A survey of FDA Approved Monoclonal Antibodies and Fc-fusion Proteins for Manufacturing Changes and Comparability Assessment.Pharmaceutical research · 2024Article
- Investigation into the Acceptability of Moderate-to-Large Volume Subcutaneous Injections in Healthy Volunteers: Results from a Single-Center Randomized Controlled Study.Medical devices (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Article
- Navigating adalimumab biosimilars: an expert opinion.Journal of comparative effectiveness research · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPainful subcutaneous insulin injections may decrease treatment compliance. Improving injection comfort therefore represents a particular area of technological research in which steady progress has been made since the introduction of the insulin pen in 1985. Injection pain can be influenced by many variables, but relatively little is known about their impact. This study investigated the impact of injection volume (range 0-2250 µL), speed (range 0-800 µL/sec), and site (abdomen vs thigh) on pain sensation.
methodIn random order, patients (n = 80) with type 1 or type 2 diabetes received 24 saline injections subcutaneously through a 27G ultra-thin-wall needle. Injections were performed in the abdomen (n = 19) and thigh (n = 5) with predefined speed-volume combinations. For each injected speed-volume combination, patients scored their pain sensation on a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS).
resultsThe mean pain scores for speed-volume combinations were all in the lower part (<20 mm) of the VAS, indicating zero to mild pain. Pain sensation was statistically higher ( P < .05) with the 2250 µL volume compared to other injection volumes (range 4.3-5.1 mm) and with thigh compared to abdomen injections (2.1 mm). Pain sensation did not change with increasing injection speed. Patient acceptance of the injection pain was high for all injections (range 93.7-98.7%).
conclusionsIn summary, large volume and thigh injections are rated more painful, but the clinical impact of these findings is likely marginal considering the low absolute pain levels and high patient acceptance rates. Injection speed does not influence pain sensation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.