ReviewPharmacology & therapeutics2018
Toll-like receptors and their role in persistent pain.
Review in Pharmacology & therapeutics, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 107 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
107 citing papers in PubMed, 204 citations in OpenAlex.
- Wavelength dependent effects of red and infrared photobiomodulation on neuropathic pain, skeletal muscle integrity, and mitochondrial respiration.Lasers in medical science · 2026Article
- Role of Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) in Spinal Cord Injury (SCI): A Comprehensive Review.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- SARS-CoV-2 Spike Peptides Trigger Nociceptive Responses Through Spinal TLR4 Pathways.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2026Article
- Expression of circulating GRP78 and gp96, endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins, in menstrual and bladder pain sensitivity.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The X Factor in Immunity: Sex Differences Shaped by the X Chromosome.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- The neuroimmune axis and chronic pain disorders.iScience · 2026Review
- Peripheral nerve injury reduces macrophage efferocytosis to facilitate neuropathic pain.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Sex-specific lateralization of the effects of exogenously-induced neuroimmune activation in the amygdala on pain-like behaviors.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- [Clinical pharmacology of opioid analgesics].Schmerz (Berlin, Germany) · 2025Review
- Review
- Poly-IC Alleviates Nitroglycerin-Induced Migraine by Inhibiting Neuroinflammation via TLR3/TRIF Signaling Pathway.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Article
- Human coronaviruses: activation and antagonism of innate immune responses.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Review
- Mechanisms of comorbidity between Alzheimer's disease and pain.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Review
- The effect of ponicidin on CFA-induced chronic inflammatory pain and its mechanism based on network pharmacology and molecular docking.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Skin-brain dialogue in auto-inflammatory diseases: A new route to biomarkers?Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Article
- Piperine attenuates cancer-associated pain induced by microglial activation via increasing miR-150-50p.Aging · 2024Article
- Identifying microRNAs Possibly Implicated in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Fibromyalgia: A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Deciphering nociplastic pain: clinical features, risk factors and potential mechanisms.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2024Review
- Effect of chronic cold stress on gut microbial diversity, intestinal inflammation and pyroptosis in mice.Journal of physiology and biochemistry · 2024Article
47 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
One of the fundamental mechanisms whereby the innate immune system coordinates inflammatory signal transduction is through Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which function to protect and defend the host organism by initiating inflammatory signaling cascades in response to tissue damage or injury. TLRs are positioned at the neuroimmune interface, and accumulating evidence suggests that the inflammatory consequences of TLR activation on glia (including microglia and astrocytes), sensory neurons, and other cell types can influence nociceptive processing and lead to states of exaggerated and unresolved pain. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of how different TLRs and their accessory or adaptor molecules can contribute to the development and maintenance of persistent pain. The challenges and opportunities of targeting TLRs for new treatment strategies against chronic pain are discussed, including the therapeutic context of TLR-mediated signaling in opioid analgesia and chemotherapy-induced pain. Considering the prevalence of persistent pain and the insufficient efficacy and safety of current treatment options, a deeper understanding of Toll-like receptors holds the promise of novel therapies for managing pathological pain.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.