ArticleTobacco control2018
Relationship between smoking and health and education spending in Chile.
Article in Tobacco control, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Commentary on Morris et al.: Shifting consumption from unhealthy to healthy commodities.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Article
- Cigarette consumption from a life-course perspective in low- and middle-income countries.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2025Article
- Crowding out and impoverishing effect of tobacco in Mexico.Tobacco control · 2024Article
- Impact of tobacco spending on intrahousehold resource allocation in Montenegro.Tobacco control · 2024Article
- Out- Of- Pocket health expenditure and household consumption patterns in Benin: Is there a crowding out effect?Health economics review · 2023Article
- Health promoting and demoting consumption: What accounts for budget share differentials by ethnicity in New Zealand.SSM - population health · 2022Article
- Expenditures on sugar-sweetened beverages in Jamaica and its association with household budget allocation.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Tobacco Taxes as the Unsung Hero: Impact of a Tax Increase on Advancing Sustainable Development in Colombia.International journal of public health · 2022Article
- Association between Lifetime Tobacco Use and Alcohol Consumption Trajectories and Cardiovascular and Chronic Respiratory Diseases among Older People.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- The effect of demographic characteristics on the relationship between smoking and dry mouth in Iran: a cross-sectional, case-control study.Epidemiology and health · 2021Article
- Health burden and economic costs of smoking in Chile: The potential impact of increasing cigarettes prices.PloS one · 2020Article
- [Tobacco use in adults and observance of antismoking legislation in Costa Rica in 2015Consumo de tabaco em adultos e cumprimento da legislação antifumo na Costa Rica em 2015].Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo estimate the degree to which tobacco consumption is associated with spending on a set of goods and services in Chile, especially health and education, for the total population as well as for specific subgroups.
methodsA seemingly unrelated regression equation system was used to estimate the statistical relationship between having tobacco expenditures and the budget share allocated to other items for the total population and for specific subgroups in Chile (eg, households within the bottom/top 33% by total expenditures). The use of household-level data allows for the control of a number of sociodemographic characteristics. The nationally representative 2012 Chilean Household Expenditure Survey was used for the analysis.
resultsTobacco consumption is associated with lower budget shares allocated to healthcare, education and housing expenses, especially for poorer households. In the case of health, not consuming tobacco is related to higher health expenditures: up to 32% for the total population. Similarly, in the case of education, not consuming tobacco is statistically related to higher education expenditures: up to 16% for the total population. For all groups, tobacco consumption is also related to a significantly higher budget share allocated to alcoholic beverages.
conclusionsThe strong significant statistical relationship found between tobacco consumption and resources allocated to healthcare and education consumption may be indicative of the existence of a crowding out effect of tobacco. This effect, in turn, may increase the burden that the rest of society must bear for the increased healthcare that they require because of tobacco consumption.
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Registered trials
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