Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28986411›Full record

Trial reportNeurology2017

Virtual reality improves embodiment and neuropathic pain caused by spinal cord injury.

Polona Pozeg, Estelle Palluel, Roberta Ronchi, Marco Solcà, Abdul-Wahab Al-Khodairy, Xavier Jordan, Ammar Kassouha, Olaf Blanke

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Neurology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
74citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

74 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Polona PozegFrom the Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute (P.P., R.R., M.S., O.B.), and Center for Neuroprosthetics (P.P., E.P., R.R., M.S., O.B.), School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland; University Grenoble Alpes & CNRS (E.P.), TIMC-IMAG, Grenoble, France; Spinal Cord Unit (A.-W.A.-K., X.J.), Clinique Romande de Réadaptation SUVACare, Sion; and Division of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience (A.K.), and Department of Neurology (O.B.), University Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland.
Estelle PalluelFrom the Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute (P.P., R.R., M.S., O.B.), and Center for Neuroprosthetics (P.P., E.P., R.R., M.S., O.B.), School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland; University Grenoble Alpes & CNRS (E.P.), TIMC-IMAG, Grenoble, France; Spinal Cord Unit (A.-W.A.-K., X.J.), Clinique Romande de Réadaptation SUVACare, Sion; and Division of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience (A.K.), and Department of Neurology (O.B.), University Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland.
Roberta RonchiFrom the Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute (P.P., R.R., M.S., O.B.), and Center for Neuroprosthetics (P.P., E.P., R.R., M.S., O.B.), School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland; University Grenoble Alpes & CNRS (E.P.), TIMC-IMAG, Grenoble, France; Spinal Cord Unit (A.-W.A.-K., X.J.), Clinique Romande de Réadaptation SUVACare, Sion; and Division of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience (A.K.), and Department of Neurology (O.B.), University Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland.
Marco SolcàFrom the Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute (P.P., R.R., M.S., O.B.), and Center for Neuroprosthetics (P.P., E.P., R.R., M.S., O.B.), School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland; University Grenoble Alpes & CNRS (E.P.), TIMC-IMAG, Grenoble, France; Spinal Cord Unit (A.-W.A.-K., X.J.), Clinique Romande de Réadaptation SUVACare, Sion; and Division of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience (A.K.), and Department of Neurology (O.B.), University Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland.
Abdul-Wahab Al-KhodairyFrom the Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute (P.P., R.R., M.S., O.B.), and Center for Neuroprosthetics (P.P., E.P., R.R., M.S., O.B.), School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland; University Grenoble Alpes & CNRS (E.P.), TIMC-IMAG, Grenoble, France; Spinal Cord Unit (A.-W.A.-K., X.J.), Clinique Romande de Réadaptation SUVACare, Sion; and Division of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience (A.K.), and Department of Neurology (O.B.), University Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland.
Xavier JordanFrom the Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute (P.P., R.R., M.S., O.B.), and Center for Neuroprosthetics (P.P., E.P., R.R., M.S., O.B.), School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland; University Grenoble Alpes & CNRS (E.P.), TIMC-IMAG, Grenoble, France; Spinal Cord Unit (A.-W.A.-K., X.J.), Clinique Romande de Réadaptation SUVACare, Sion; and Division of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience (A.K.), and Department of Neurology (O.B.), University Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland.
Ammar KassouhaFrom the Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute (P.P., R.R., M.S., O.B.), and Center for Neuroprosthetics (P.P., E.P., R.R., M.S., O.B.), School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland; University Grenoble Alpes & CNRS (E.P.), TIMC-IMAG, Grenoble, France; Spinal Cord Unit (A.-W.A.-K., X.J.), Clinique Romande de Réadaptation SUVACare, Sion; and Division of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience (A.K.), and Department of Neurology (O.B.), University Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland.
Olaf BlankeFrom the Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute (P.P., R.R., M.S., O.B.), and Center for Neuroprosthetics (P.P., E.P., R.R., M.S., O.B.), School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland; University Grenoble Alpes & CNRS (E.P.), TIMC-IMAG, Grenoble, France; Spinal Cord Unit (A.-W.A.-K., X.J.), Clinique Romande de Réadaptation SUVACare, Sion; and Division of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience (A.K.), and Department of Neurology (O.B.), University Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland. olaf.blanke@epfl.ch.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo investigate changes in body ownership and chronic neuropathic pain in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) using multisensory own body illusions and virtual reality (VR).

methodsTwenty patients with SCI with paraplegia and 20 healthy control participants (HC) participated in 2 factorial, randomized, repeated-measures design studies. In the virtual leg illusion (VLI), we applied asynchronous or synchronous visuotactile stimulation to the participant's back (either immediately above the lesion level or at the shoulder) and to the virtual legs as seen on a VR head-mounted display. We tested the effect of the VLI on the sense of leg ownership (questionnaires) and on perceived neuropathic pain (visual analogue scale pain ratings). We compared illusory leg ownership with illusory global body ownership (induced in the full body illusion [FBI]), by applying asynchronous or synchronous visuotactile stimulation to the participant's back and the back of a virtual body as seen on a head-mounted display.

resultsOur data show that patients with SCI are less sensitive to multisensory stimulations inducing illusory leg ownership (as compared to HC) and that leg ownership decreased with time since SCI. In contrast, we found no differences between groups in global body ownership as tested in the FBI. VLI and FBI were both associated with mild analgesia that was only during the VLI specific for synchronous visuotactile stimulation and the lower back position.

conclusionsThe present findings show that VR exposure using multisensory stimulation differently affected leg vs body ownership, and is associated with mild analgesia with potential for SCI neurorehabilitation protocols.

Indexed as

Body ImageAdultAgedDepersonalizationFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNeuralgiaSpinal Cord InjuriesStatistics, NonparametricSurveys and QuestionnairesVirtual Reality Exposure TherapyVisual Analog ScaleYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID28986411
PMCPMC5664293

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.