ArticleModern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc2018
Composite analysis of immunological and metabolic markers defines novel subtypes of triple negative breast cancer.
Article in Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of programmed cell death ligand 1 expression in patients diagnosed with breast cancer: meta-analysis.The British journal of surgery · 2021Pooled it
- Exploring LTB-mediated T cell differentiation as a prognostic marker in triple-negative breast cancer.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Article
- The "Cold Tumor" to "Hot Tumor" transformation strategy for triple-negative breast cancer: from mechanism to clinical translation.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2026Review
- The prognostic value of the tumor-stroma ratio compared to tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in triple-negative breast cancer: a review.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2025Review
- Divide and Conquer-Targeted Therapy for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- CD25high Effector Regulatory T Cells Hamper Responses to PD-1 Blockade in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Cancer research · 2023Article
- GPR81-mediated reprogramming of glucose metabolism contributes to the immune landscape in breast cancer.Discover oncology · 2023Article
- Therapeutic Potential of Tumor Metabolic Reprogramming in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Breast Cancer Survival Outcomes and Tumor-Associated Macrophage Markers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Oncology and therapy · 2023Review
- Review
- CDK/cyclin dependencies define extreme cancer cell-cycle heterogeneity and collateral vulnerabilities.Cell reports · 2022Article
- MCT4/Lactate Promotes PD-L1 Glycosylation in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells.Journal of oncology · 2022Article
- Immune Lymphocyte Infiltrate and its Prognostic Value in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- CIBERSORT analysis of TCGA and METABRIC identifies subgroups with better outcomes in triple negative breast cancer.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Prune-1 drives polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) within the lung metastatic niche in triple-negative breast cancer.iScience · 2021Article
- Emerging role of circulating tumor cells in immunotherapy.Theranostics · 2021Review
- Current Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Subtypes: Dissecting the Most Aggressive Form of Breast Cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Review
- Novel PD-L1 mAb HC16 reveals upregulation of PD-L1 in BAC subtype.Histology and histopathology · 2021Article
- Prognostic Role of Immune Markers in Triple Negative Breast Carcinoma.Pathology oncology research : POR · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cancer biology is influenced by the tumor microenvironment, which impacts disease prognosis and therapeutic interventions. The inter-relationship of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, immune response regulators, and a glycolytic tumor environment was evaluated in a cohort of 183 largely consecutive patients with triple negative breast cancer diagnosis. High levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were associated with improved survival of triple negative breast cancer cases. However, elevated levels of PD-L1, CD163, and FOXP3 were individually associated with significantly decreased overall survival. These three determinants were significantly correlated, and could serve to differentiate the prognostic significance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Interestingly, a glycolytic tumor environment, as determined by the expression of MCT4 in the tumor stroma, was associated with the immune evasive environment and poor prognosis. Clustering of all markers defined four distinct triple negative breast cancer subtypes that harbored prognostic significance in multivariate analysis. Immune and metabolic markers stratified triple negative breast cancer into subtypes that have prognostic significance and implications for therapies targeting immune checkpoints and tumor metabolism.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.