ArticleSubstance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy2017
Lead poisoning among opium users in Iran: an emerging health hazard.
Article in Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- The effects of opium on the cardiovascular system: a review of side effects, uses, and potential mechanisms.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2020Pooled it
- Clinico-Epidemiological Prediction of Adverse Outcomes in Acute Pediatric Poisoning: A Risk Prediction Nomogram Approach.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2025Article
- Clinico-epidemiological evaluation of pharmaceutical/non-pharmaceutical poisoning in a referral poisoning emergency in the Central part of Iran.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Evaluating the association between opium abuse, blood lead levels, and the complexity of coronary artery disease.Physiological reports · 2024Article
- Assessment of Blood Lead Levels in Mothers Addicted to Opium and Their Neonates in Kerman: A Cross-sectional Study.Addiction & health · 2024Article
- Peptic ulcer characteristics in oral opium and non-opium user patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding.BMC gastroenterology · 2024Article
- Multivariate statistical evaluation of heavy metals in the urine of opium individuals in comparison with healthy people in Western Iran.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- Selected Metal Concentration in Maternal and Cord Blood.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Environmental assessment of pediatric Lead exposure in Tehran; a prospective cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Adult Lead Poisoning Caused by Contaminated Opium: A Two-Year Longitudinal Follow-Up Study.Annals of global health · 2021Article
- Toxic heavy metal concentrations in multiple sclerosis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.EXCLI journal · 2021Review
- Blood lead concentration and its associated factors in preschool children in eastern Iran: a cross-sectional study.BMC pediatrics · 2020Article
- Article
- Is opium use associated with an increased risk of lung cancer? A case-control study.BMC cancer · 2020Observational
- Article
- Opium Use and Head and Neck Cancers: A Matched Case-Control Study in Iran.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2020Article
- Central nervous system infections versus lead toxicity in the differential diagnosis of encephalopathy.Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences · 2020Article
- Blood lead level risk factors and reference value derivation in a cross-sectional study of potentially lead-exposed workers in Iran.BMJ open · 2019Article
- A Challenge between Central Nervous System Infection and Lead Toxicity: Opioid Case Reports from Iran.Iranian journal of medical sciences · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLead (Pb) poisoning among people using opium has been an increasing problem in Iran. The present study highlights the clinical effects of lead toxicity associated with opium use in Iran, Kerman province.
methodsBetween January 2016 and June 2016, patients with signs and symptoms of Pb poisoning were questioned to assess whether they had a history of opium dependency. In total, 249 patients were enrolled onto this cross-sectional study, all were opium dependent. Para-clinical data including blood lead level (BLL), demographic information, user preferences, and symptoms were obtained.
resultsThe patients used either opium (83.9%), refined opium (6.4%) or a combination of both (9.7%) via ingestion (71.9%), smoking (8.4%) or a combination of both (19.7%). The overall median BLL was 80.0 μg/dL [IQR: 51.7-119.0]. The median BLL did not differ significantly between opium and refined opium users. Further, BLL was not significantly affected by the type of substance, route of use, duration of use, or daily quantity consumed. Common symptoms included abdominal pain (86.9%), constipation (75.8%), anorexia (71.5%) and nausea (54.7%). Linear regression analysis showed log of BLL was significantly associated with abdominal pain, myalgia and anorexia.
conclusionsThe study unravelled an increase in opium-related Pb poisoning in the Kerman province. Raised awareness of this emerging Pb source and investigation of its aetiology is recommended. Pb poisoning should be considered among the primary differential diagnosis of opium users with gastrointestinal symptoms.
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