Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28982226›Full record

SynthesisAmerican journal of epidemiology2017

Transmission of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in Households and the Community: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Leonardo Martinez, Ye Shen, Ezekiel Mupere, Allan Kizza, Philip C Hill, Christopher C Whalen

Open access · bronzeAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in American journal of epidemiology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 121 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
121citing papers in PubMed, 9 pooled it
8.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

121 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 182 citations in OpenAlex.

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  7. Transmission Dynamics in Tuberculosis Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of 32 Observational Studies.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021
    Pooled it
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  14. Role of casual contact in drug-resistant tuberculosis transmission: a molecular epidemiology study.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2026
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61 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.

Leonardo MartinezDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.
Ye ShenDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.
Ezekiel MupereDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Allan KizzaDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.
Philip C HillDepartment of Preventive and Social Medicine, Centre for International Health and the Otago International Health Research Network, University of Otago Medical School, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Christopher C WhalenDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.
University of Georgia · USMakerere University · UGUniversity of Otago · NZ

Funding

Community Transmission of Tuberculosis Urban AfricaR01AI093856 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA · PI WHALEN, CHRISTOPHER C. · 2012 to 2021
$5.7M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI093856
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The individual- and population-level impact of household tuberculosis exposure on transmission is unclear but may have implications for the effectiveness and implementation of control interventions. We systematically searched for and included studies in which latent tuberculosis infection was assessed in 2 groups: children exposed and unexposed to a household member with tuberculosis. We also extracted data on the smear and culture status of index cases, the age and bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination status of contacts, and study design characteristics. Of 6,176 citations identified from our search strategy, 26 studies (13,999 children with household exposure to tuberculosis and 174,097 children without) from 1929-2015 met inclusion criteria. Exposed children were 3.79 (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.01, 4.78) times more likely to be infected than were their community counterparts. Metaregression demonstrated higher infection among children aged 0-4 years of age compared with children aged 10-14 years (ratio of odds ratios = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.43, 3.51) and among smear-positive versus smear-negative index cases (ratio of odds ratios = 5.45, 95% CI: 3.43, 8.64). At the population level, we estimated that a small proportion (<20%) of transmission was attributable to household exposure. Our results suggest that targeting tuberculosis prevention efforts to household contacts is highly effective. However, a large proportion of transmission at the population level may occur outside the household.

Indexed as

Family CharacteristicsMycobacterium tuberculosisAdolescentChildChild, PreschoolCommunity-Acquired InfectionsEnvironmental ExposureFemaleHumansInfantInfant, NewbornLatent TuberculosisMaleOdds RatioRisk FactorsTuberculosiscontact tracingMycobacterium tuberculosisrecent transmissionsystematic reviewtuberculosis

Identifiers

PMID28982226
PMCPMC6248487
OpenAlexW2613289070

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.