SynthesisNutrients2017
Micronutrient Status and Dietary Intake of Iron, Vitamin A, Iodine, Folate and Zinc in Women of Reproductive Age and Pregnant Women in Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria and South Africa: A Systematic Review of Data from 2005 to 2015.
Synthesis in Nutrients, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 114 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
114 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 228 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global folate deficiency among adolescent girls: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2026Pooled it
- The effect of nutrition education and counseling on the nutritional status of pregnant women in Ethiopia, 2025: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Micronutrient Deficiencies and Determinants Among Pregnant Women and Children in Nigeria: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Folic acid supplementation during preconception period in sub-Saharan African countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- The magnitude and associated factors of immediate postpartum anemia among women who gave birth in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis, 2023.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Pooled it
- Dietary Recommendations for Ethiopians on the Basis of Priority Diet-Related Diseases and Causes of Death in Ethiopia: An Umbrella Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Pooled it
- Folate deficiency among women of reproductive age in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- The prevalence of insufficient iodine intake in pregnancy in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Effect of nutrition intervention coupled with healthy dietary advice on the nutritional status of pregnant women in the northern zone of the Sidama region, Ethiopia: a multilevel, cluster randomized controlled trial.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Trial
- Trial
- The effect of the "Follow in my Green Food Steps" programme on cooking behaviours for improved iron intake: a quasi-experimental randomized community study.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2018Trial
- Cost-effectiveness of iron deficiency screening in pregnancy across ferritin-based thresholds.Blood advances · 2026Article
- Formative research in Ethiopia and Bangladesh: strengthening household survey measures of maternal micronutrient supplementation in low- and middle-income countries.Journal of global health · 2026Article
- Geographic equity in multiple micronutrient deficiencies among women of reproductive age in Ethiopia: a spatial multiscale weighted regression analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Dietary Intake of Essential Elements from African Foods Available in the UK Market.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Vitamin A intake and status and associations with iron status, anaemia and birth outcomes of pregnant women in the Free State Province, South Africa: the Nutritional Status of Expectant Mothers and their newborn Infants (NuEMI) study.The British journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Ameliorative Effect of Beetroot Against Folic Acid Deficiency: A Review.Food science & nutrition · 2026Review
- Article
- Article
- Effect of Nutrition Interventions on the Dietary Diversity Status Among Pregnant Women in Ethiopia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Food science & nutrition · 2025Review
54 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the status and intake of iron, vitamin A, iodine, folate and zinc in women of reproductive age (WRA) (≥15-49 years) and pregnant women (PW) in Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria and South Africa. National and subnational data published between 2005 and 2015 were searched via Medline, Scopus and national public health websites. Per micronutrient, relevant data were pooled into an average prevalence of deficiency, weighted by sample size (WAVG). Inadequate intakes were estimated from mean (SD) intakes. This review included 65 surveys and studies from Ethiopia (21), Kenya (11), Nigeria (21) and South Africa (12). In WRA, WAVG prevalence of anaemia ranged from 18-51%, iron deficiency 9-18%, and iron deficiency anaemia at 10%. In PW, the prevalence was higher, and ranged from 32-62%, 19-61%, and 9-47%, respectively. In WRA, prevalence of vitamin A, iodine, zinc and folate deficiencies ranged from 4-22%, 22-55%, 34% and 46%, while in PW these ranged from 21-48%, 87%, 46-76% and 3-12% respectively. Inadequate intakes of these micronutrients are high and corresponded with the prevalence figures. Our findings indicate that nationally representative data are needed to guide the development of nutrition interventions and public health programs, such as dietary diversification, micronutrient fortification and supplementation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.