ArticleAmerican journal of translational research2017
Protopanaxadiol and metformin synergistically inhibit estrogen-mediated proliferation and anti-autophagy effects in endometrial cancer cells.
Article in American journal of translational research, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- A review of pharmacological properties and pharmacokinetic of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol.Journal of ginseng research · 2026Review
- Repurposing metformin for cardioprotection: mechanisms and therapeutic potential across cardiovascular pathologies.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Advances in research on autophagy mechanisms in resistance to endometrial cancer treatment.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Article
- The Multifaceted Role of Autophagy in Endometrium Homeostasis and Disease.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2022Review
- Autophagy in the physiological endometrium and cancer.Autophagy · 2021Review
- Ovarian hormones-autophagy-immunity axis in menstruation and endometriosis.Theranostics · 2021Review
- Estrogen inhibits autophagy and promotes growth of endometrial cancer by promoting glutamine metabolism.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2019Article
- Anti-inflammatory cytokines in endometriosis.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2019Review
- Role of Endometrial Autophagy in Physiological and Pathophysiological Processes.Journal of Cancer · 2019Review
- Autophagy Machinery as a Promising Therapeutic Target in Endometrial Cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2019Review
- The ginsenoside PPD exerts anti-endometriosis effects by suppressing estrogen receptor-mediated inhibition of endometrial stromal cell autophagy and NK cell cytotoxicity.Cell death & disease · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Metformin is commonly used for treating type II diabetes and has recently been reported to possess anti-proliferative properties that can be exploited for the prevention and treatment of a variety of cancers. Ginsenosides are the main effective biological components of ginseng. It has been reported that ginsenoside-Rb2 inhibit the invasiveness of endometrial cancer cells (ECC). The aim of this study was to investigate whether protopanaxadiol (PPD, a metabolite of ginsenosides) and metformin could synergistically regulate the biological behavior of ECC and analyze its possible mechanism. We here found that either metformin or PPD treatment led to a decreased viability and increased apoptosis and autophagy levels in ECC lines (Ishikawa and RL95-2 cells), and combination of PPD and metformin could enhance these effects induced by metformin or PPD
Indexed as
Identifiers
28979682PMC5622251W2997449928What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.