ArticleEndocrinology2017
Bisphenol S Alters the Lactating Mammary Gland and Nursing Behaviors in Mice Exposed During Pregnancy and Lactation.
Article in Endocrinology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of exposure to ethinyl estradiol during pregnancy and lactation on the postinvolution mammary gland.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- Vascular Endocrine-Disrupting Effects of Bisphenol F and Bisphenol S on Human Umbilical Artery.Journal of xenobiotics · 2026Article
- Bisphenol S and Neurological Health: An Integrated Overview of Neurotoxicity and Underlying Mechanisms.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Postnatal maternal care impacts hypothalamicbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Intergenerational and transgenerational effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in the offspring brain development and behavior.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Mitigating Dietary Bisphenol Exposure Through the Gut Microbiota: The Role of Next-Generation Probiotics in Bacterial Detoxification.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Regrettable Substitutes and the Brain: What Animal Models and Human Studies Tell Us about the Neurodevelopmental Effects of Bisphenol, Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances, and Phthalate Replacements.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Article
- Causes of Low Milk Supply: The Roles of Estrogens, Progesterone, and Related External Factors.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2024Review
- Maternal Bisphenol B Exposure and Mammary Gland Development of Offspring: A Time-Series Analysis.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2023Article
- Reproductive toxicity of combined effects of endocrine disruptors on human reproduction.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Review
- Chemical Effects on Breast Development, Function, and Cancer Risk: Existing Knowledge and New Opportunities.Current environmental health reports · 2022Review
- Bisphenol A replacement chemicals, BPF and BPS, induce protumorigenic changes in human mammary gland organoid morphology and proteome.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Exposure to environmental chemicals and perinatal psychopathology.Biochemical pharmacology · 2022Review
- Effects of gestational low dose perfluorooctanoic acid on maternal and "anxiety-like" behavior in dams.Frontiers in toxicology · 2022Article
- Developmental toxicity of bisphenol S in Caenorhabditis elegans and NODEF mice.Neurotoxicology · 2021Article
- Genistein Directly Represses the Phosphorylation of STAT5 in Lactating Mammary Epithelial Cells.ACS omega · 2021Article
- Exposure to Propylparaben During Pregnancy and Lactation Induces Long-Term Alterations to the Mammary Gland in Mice.Endocrinology · 2021Article
- Update on the Health Effects of Bisphenol A: Overwhelming Evidence of Harm.Endocrinology · 2021Review
- Hepatic transcriptome and DNA methylation patterns following perinatal and chronic BPS exposure in male mice.BMC genomics · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
High doses of estrogenic pharmaceuticals were once prescribed to women to halt lactation. Yet, the effects of low-level xenoestrogens on lactation remain poorly studied. We investigated the effects of bisphenol S (BPS), an estrogen receptor (ER) agonist, on the lactating mammary gland; the arcuate nucleus, a region of the hypothalamus important for neuroendocrine control of lactational behaviors; and nursing behavior in CD-1 mice. Female mice were exposed to vehicle, 2 or 200 µg BPS/kg/d from pregnancy day 9 until lactational day (LD) 20, and tissues were collected on LD21. Tissues were also collected from a second group at LD2. BPS exposure significantly reduced the fraction of the mammary gland comprised of lobules, the milk-producing units, on LD21, but not LD2. BPS also altered expression of Esr1 and ERα in the mammary gland at LD21, consistent with early involution. In the arcuate nucleus, no changes were observed in expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5, a marker of prolactin signaling, or ERα, suggesting that BPS may act directly on the mammary gland. However, observations of nursing behavior collected during the lactational period revealed stage-specific effects on both pup and maternal nursing behaviors; BPS-treated dams spent significantly more time nursing later in the lactational period, and BPS-treated pups were less likely to initiate nursing. Pup growth and development were also stunted. These data indicate that low doses of BPS can alter lactational behaviors and the maternal mammary gland. Together, they support the hypothesis that pregnancy and lactation are sensitive to low-dose xenoestrogen exposures.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.