ArticleNucleic acids research2017
Functional impacts of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, 5-formylcytosine, and 5-carboxycytosine at a single hemi-modified CpG dinucleotide in a gene promoter.
Article in Nucleic acids research, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- DNA Methylation as a Programmable Information Layer: From Molecular Marks to Disease State Engineering.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Histone and non-histone (de)acetylation impact on the blood-brain barrier.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2026Review
- Fundamentals of DNA methylation in development.Pediatric research · 2025Review
- Transcription-Coupled Nucleotide Excision Repair: A Faster Solution or the Only Option?Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Article
- Bacteriophage-related epigenetic natural and non-natural pyrimidine nucleotides and their influence on transcription with T7 RNA polymerase.Communications chemistry · 2024Article
- Back-Up Base Excision DNA Repair in Human Cells Deficient in the Major AP Endonuclease, APE1.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- The role of aging and brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling in expression of base excision repair genes in the human brain.Aging cell · 2023Article
- Requirement of transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair for the removal of a specific type of oxidatively induced DNA damage.Nucleic acids research · 2023Article
- Homologues of epigenetic pyrimidines: 5-alkyl-, 5-hydroxyalkyl and 5-acyluracil and -cytosine nucleotides: synthesis, enzymatic incorporation into DNA and effect on transcription with bacterial RNA polymerase.RSC chemical biology · 2022Article
- Protective Effects of Dendrobium nobile Lindl. Alkaloids on Alzheimer's Disease-like Symptoms Induced by High-methionine Diet.Current neuropharmacology · 2022Article
- Direct and Base Excision Repair-Mediated Regulation of a GC-RichInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Regulation of GC box activity by 8-oxoguanine.Redox biology · 2021Article
- High Methionine Diet-Induced Alzheimer's Disease like Symptoms Are Accompanied by 5-Methylcytosine Elevated Levels in the Brain.Behavioural neurology · 2021Article
- Insulin and Metformin Control Cell Proliferation by Regulating TDG-Mediated DNA Demethylation in Liver and Breast Cancer Cells.Molecular therapy oncolytics · 2020Article
- TCF20 dysfunction leads to cortical neurogenesis defects and autistic-like behaviors in mice.EMBO reports · 2020Article
- 5-Formylcytosine landscapes of human preimplantation embryos at single-cell resolution.PLoS biology · 2020Article
- TET-Mediated Epigenetic Regulation in Immune Cell Development and Disease.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2020Review
- Nucleotide excision repair of abasic DNA lesions.Nucleic acids research · 2019Article
- Novel genetic and epigenetic factors of importance for inter-individual differences in drug disposition, response and toxicity.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Enzymatic oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) in the CpG dinucleotides to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5-fC) and 5-carboxycytosine (5-caC) has central role in the process of active DNA demethylation and epigenetic reprogramming in mammals. However, it is not known whether the 5-mC oxidation products have autonomous epigenetic or regulatory functions in the genome. We used an artificial upstream promoter constituted of one cAMP response element (CRE) to measure the impact of 5-mC in a hemi-methylated CpG on the promoter activity and further explored the consequences of 5-hmC, 5-fC, and 5-caC in the same system. All modifications induced mild impairment of the CREB transcription factor binding to the consensus 5'-TGACGTCA-3' CRE sequence. The decrease of the gene expression by 5-mC or 5-hmC was proportional to the impairment of CREB binding and had a steady character over at least 48 h. In contrast, promoters containing single 5-fC or 5-caC underwent further progressive loss of activity, up to an almost complete repression. This decline was dependent on the thymine-DNA glycosylase (TDG). The results thus indicate that 5-fC and 5-caC can provide a signal for perpetuation and enhancement of the repressed transcriptional state by a mechanism that requires base excision repair.
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