Trial reportThe journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences2018
Cognitive Function and Changes in Cognitive Function as Predictors of Incident Cardiovascular Disease: The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study.
Trial report in The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- The severity of vasomotor symptoms and number of menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women and select clinical health outcomes in the Women's Health Initiative Calcium and Vitamin D randomized clinical trial.Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2020Trial
- The association of multi-system health status and its longitudinal changes with cardiovascular disease risk: insights from a secondary analysis of four multinational cohort studies.Journal of global health · 2026Article
- Cognitive Decline Preceding Incident Cardiovascular Events in Older Adults.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Integrative multi-omics profiling of mild cognitive impairment in older patients combined with coronary heart disease: a cross-sectional cohort study.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Cognitive Impairment: A Novel Risk Factor for Rapid Kidney Function Decline and Incident CKD in Middle-Aged Adults.Kidney360 · 2025Article
- Cognitive trajectories in older adults and associated mortality and predictors.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2025Article
- Dueling diagnosis of cancer and cognitive impairment: exploring the association of cognitive impairment with survival using the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Life and Longevity After Cancer (LILAC) study.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2025Article
- Retinal image-based deep learning for mild cognitive impairment detection in coronary artery disease population.Heart (British Cardiac Society) · 2025Article
- Inflammatory Status Modifies the Association Between Glycemic Traits and Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Triglyceride-glucose index as a novel biomarker for mild cognitive impairment in patients with coronary artery disease.Biomarkers in medicine · 2025Article
- A nomogram-based prediction model for motoric cognitive risk syndrome in patients with coronary artery disease: a cross-sectional study.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2025Article
- Impact of Cognitive Impairment on Long-Term Outcomes After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation.Circulation reports · 2024Article
- Mendelian randomization study reveals a causal relationship between coronary artery disease and cognitive impairment.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Article
- Exploring the association between cognitive decline and all-cause mortality with blood pressure as a potential modifier in oldest old individuals.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Cognitive impairment assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination predicts all-cause and CVD mortality in Chinese older adults: A 10-year follow-up study.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Synergistic impact of diabetes and cognitive impairment on all-cause and cause-specific mortality in Chinese older adults: A prospective population-based cohort study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Effects of Chronic Heart Failure on Longitudinal Changes of Cognitive Function in Elderly Patients.Contrast media & molecular imaging · 2022Article
- The interaction and pathogenesis between cognitive impairment and common cardiovascular diseases in the elderly.Therapeutic advances in chronic disease · 2022Review
- Lowered cognitive function and the risk of the first events of cardiovascular diseases: findings from a cohort study in Lithuania.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Cognitive Impairment and Risk of All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Over 20-Year Follow-up: Results From the BLSA.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Cognitive impairment and decline may signal the increased risk of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD). We examined associations of global cognitive function, as measured by the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS) and changes in 3MS over time, with incident CVD, individual CVD outcomes, CVD death, and all-cause mortality. Methods: A total of 5,596 women (≥ 60) from the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study free of CVD at baseline were followed for an average of 7.1 years. The 3MS was measured at baseline and annually thereafter. Cox proportional hazards regressions were used to model associations between baseline 3MS and changes in 3MS and time to events. Results: In the fully-adjusted models for every 5-point lower baseline 3MS score, the risk was 12% greater for incident CVD, 37% for HF, 35% for CVD death, and 24% for all-cause mortality. No significant relationships were found for coronary heart disease (CHD), angina, stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA), or coronary revascularization. When change in 3MS was added as a time-varying covariate in the fully-adjusted models, for every 1-point/year greater decline in 3MS, the risk was 4% greater for incident CVD, 10% for CHD, 9% for Stroke/TIA, 17% for CVD death, and 13% for all-cause mortality. Conclusions: In older women free of prevalent CVD at baseline, lower baseline global cognitive function or decline in global cognitive function over time, increased risk of incident CVD, CVD death, and all-cause mortality.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.