Trial reportMaternal & child nutrition2018
Economic determinants of breastfeeding in Haiti: The effects of poverty, food insecurity, and employment on exclusive breastfeeding in an urban population.
Trial report in Maternal & child nutrition, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Complex intertwined association between breastfeeding practices and household food insecurity: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Maternal & child nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- Overcoming Barriers to Exclusive Breastfeeding in Lao PDR: Social Transfer Intervention Randomised Controlled Trial.Nutrients · 2025Trial
- Economic determinants of breastfeeding in Haiti: The effects of poverty, food insecurity, and employment on exclusive breastfeeding in an urban population.Maternal & child nutrition · 2018Trial
- Effects of food insecurity risk on infant feeding confidence and practices during the COVID-19 pandemic and its waves.International breastfeeding journal · 2026Article
- "Breastfeeding is difficult": a qualitative exploration of exclusive breastfeeding among HIV-positive mothers in Eldoret, Kenya.International breastfeeding journal · 2025Article
- The global burden of childhood diarrheal diseases attributable to suboptimal breastfeeding from 1990 to 2021: an exploratory analysis of estimates from the global burden of disease study.International breastfeeding journal · 2025Article
- The Phenomenon of Human Migration on the Breastfeeding Practices of Migrant Women: A Scoping Review.Cureus · 2024Article
- Article
- Wild Foods Are Positively Associated with Diet Diversity and Child Growth in a Protected Forest Area of Madagascar.Current developments in nutrition · 2024Article
- Infant and young child feeding practices in refugee settings across 203 population-based surveys from 2013-2019.Maternal & child nutrition · 2024Article
- Determinants of continued breastfeeding in children aged 12-23 months in three regions of Haiti.Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health · 2024Article
- Breastfeeding is associated with reduced risks of central obesity and hypertension in young school-aged children: a large, population-based study.International breastfeeding journal · 2023Article
- Breastfeeding: How is it related to food insecurity and other factors among low-income mothers?Health care for women international · 2023Article
- COVID-19, nutrition, and gender: An evidence-informed approach to gender-responsive policies and programs.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2022Review
- Infant Feeding Practices That Substitute Exclusive Breastfeeding in a Semi-Rural Mexican Community: Types, Moments, and Associated Factors.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Determinants of exclusive breastfeeding among Haitian children under 6 months of age.Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health · 2022Article
- Exclusive Breastfeeding and Factors Influencing Its Abandonment During the 1st Month Postpartum Among Women From Semi-rural Communities in Southeast Mexico.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
- Factors associated with diarrheal disease among children aged 1-5 years in a cholera epidemic in rural Haiti.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Breastfeeding and breastmilk substitute use and feeding motivations among mothers in Bandung City, Indonesia.Maternal & child nutrition · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There is limited and inconsistent empirical evidence regarding the role of economic factors in breastfeeding practices, globally. Studies have found both negative and positive associations between low income and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). Employment, which should improve household income, may reduce EBF due to separation of mother and infant. In the context of a randomized controlled study of lipid-based complementary feeding in an urban slum in Cap Haitien, Haiti, we examined the economic factors influencing breastfeeding practices using mixed methods. Findings demonstrate relationships between urban context, economic factors, and breastfeeding practices. Poverty, food insecurity, time constraints, and limited social support create challenges for EBF. Maternal employment is associated with lower rates of EBF and less frequent breastfeeding. Extreme food insecurity sometimes leads to increased exclusive breastfeeding among Haitian mothers, what we call "last resort EBF." In this case, women practice EBF because they have no alternative food source for the infant. Suggested policies and programs to address economic constraints and promote EBF in this population include maternal and child allowances, quality child care options, and small-scale household urban food production.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.