Trial reportTwin research and human genetics : the official journal of the International Society for Twin Studies2017
Education in Twins and Their Parents Across Birth Cohorts Over 100 years: An Individual-Level Pooled Analysis of 42-Twin Cohorts.
Abstract readClinical TrialComparative StudyMulticenter Study
In one paragraph
Trial report in Twin research and human genetics : the official journal of the International Society for Twin Studies, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- The CODATwins Project: The Current Status and Recent Findings of COllaborative Project of Development of Anthropometrical Measures in Twins.Twin research and human genetics : the official journal of the International Society for Twin Studies · 2019Trial
- Genetic and Environmental Effects on BMI Fluctuation Across the Adult Life Course and Its Associations With Baseline BMI and BMI Change: An Individual-Based Study of 14 Longitudinal Twin Cohorts.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Genetic and environmental influences on educational disparities in adult weight change: an individual-based pooled analysis of 11 twin cohorts.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2026Article
- Genetic and environmental influences on educational disparities in adult weight change: an individual-based pooled analysis of 11 twin cohorts.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Associations of Romantic Partners' Characteristics with Alcohol Consumption and Binge Drinking: Examining Evidence for Gene-Environment Interaction.Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2025Article
- Educational Influences on Late-Life Health: Genetic Propensity and Attained Education.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2024Article
- Family, twin and adoption studies of severe mental disorders in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2023Article
- Smoking remains associated with education after controlling for social background and genetic factors in a study of 18 twin cohorts.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Parental Education and Genetics of BMI from Infancy to Old Age: A Pooled Analysis of 29 Twin Cohorts.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
101 authors.
Karri SilventoinenDepartment of Social Research,University of Helsinki,Helsinki,Finland.
Aline JelenkovicDepartment of Social Research,University of Helsinki,Helsinki,Finland.
Antti LatvalaInstitute for Molecular Medicine FIMM,Helsinki,Finland.
Reijo SundDepartment of Social Research,University of Helsinki,Helsinki,Finland.
Yoshie YokoyamaDepartment of Public Health Nursing,Osaka City University,Osaka,Japan.
Vilhelmina UllemarDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics,Karolinska Institutet,Stockholm,Sweden.
Catarina AlmqvistDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics,Karolinska Institutet,Stockholm,Sweden.
Catherine A DeromCentre of Human Genetics,University Hospitals Leuven,Leuven,Belgium.
Robert F VlietinckCentre of Human Genetics,University Hospitals Leuven,Leuven,Belgium.
Ruth J F LoosThe Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine,The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,New York,NY,USA.
Christian KandlerDepartment of Psychology,MSB Medical School Berlin,School of Health and Medicine,Berlin,Germany.
Chika HondaOsaka University Graduate School of Medicine,Osaka University,Osaka,Japan.
Fujio InuiOsaka University Graduate School of Medicine,Osaka University,Osaka,Japan.
Yoshinori IwataniOsaka University Graduate School of Medicine,Osaka University,Osaka,Japan.
Mikio WatanabeOsaka University Graduate School of Medicine,Osaka University,Osaka,Japan.
Esther RebatoDepartment of Genetics,Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology,University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU,Leioa,Spain.
Maria A StaziIstituto Superiore di Sanità - Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health,Rome,Italy.
Corrado FagnaniIstituto Superiore di Sanità - Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health,Rome,Italy.
Sonia BrescianiniIstituto Superiore di Sanità - Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health,Rome,Italy.
Yoon-Mi HurDepartment of Education,Mokpo National University,Jeonnam,South Korea.
Hoe-Uk JeongDepartment of Education,Mokpo National University,Jeonnam,South Korea.
Tessa L CutlerThe Australian Twin Registry,Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics,The University of Melbourne,Melbourne,Australia.
John L HopperThe Australian Twin Registry,Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics,The University of Melbourne,Melbourne,Australia.
Andreas BusjahnHealthTwiSt GmbH,Berlin,Germany.
Kimberly J SaudinoDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciencies,Boston University,Boston,MA,USA.
Fuling JiDepartment of Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention,Qingdao Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Qingdao,China.
Feng NingDepartment of Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention,Qingdao Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Qingdao,China.
Zengchang PangDepartment of Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention,Qingdao Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Qingdao,China.
Richard J RoseDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences,Indiana University,Bloomington,IN,USA.
Markku KoskenvuoInstitute for Molecular Medicine FIMM,Helsinki,Finland.
Kauko HeikkiläInstitute for Molecular Medicine FIMM,Helsinki,Finland.
Wendy CozenDepartment of Preventive Medicine,Keck School of Medicine of USC,University of Southern California,Los Angeles,CA,USA.
Amie E HwangDepartment of Preventive Medicine,Keck School of Medicine of USC,University of Southern California,Los Angeles,CA,USA.
Thomas M MackDepartment of Preventive Medicine,Keck School of Medicine of USC,University of Southern California,Los Angeles,CA,USA.
Sisira H SiribaddanaInstitute of Research & Development,Battaramulla,Sri Lanka.
Matthew HotopfNIHR Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre,South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust,and Institute of Psychiatry,Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK.
Athula SumathipalaInstitute of Research & Development,Battaramulla,Sri Lanka.
Fruhling RijsdijkMRC Social,Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK.
Joohon SungDepartment of Epidemiology,School of Public Health,Seoul National University,Seoul,South Korea.
Jina KimDepartment of Epidemiology,School of Public Health,Seoul National University,Seoul,South Korea.
Jooyeon LeeDepartment of Epidemiology,School of Public Health,Seoul National University,Seoul,South Korea.
Sooji LeeDepartment of Epidemiology,School of Public Health,Seoul National University,Seoul,South Korea.
Tracy L NelsonDepartment of Health and Exercise Sciences and Colorado School of Public Health,Colorado State University,Fort Collins,CO,USA.
Keith E WhitfieldPsychology and Neuroscience,Duke University,Durham,NC,USA.
Qihua TanDepartment of Public Health,Epidemiology,Biostatistics and Biodemography,University of Southern Denmark,Odense,Denmark.
Dongfeng ZhangDepartment of Public Health,Qingdao University Medical College,Qingdao,China.
Clare H LlewellynHealth Behaviour Research Centre,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health,Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London,London,UK.
Abigail FisherHealth Behaviour Research Centre,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health,Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London,London,UK.
S Alexandra BurtMichigan State University,East Lansing,MI,USA.
Kelly L KlumpMichigan State University,East Lansing,MI,USA.
Ariel Knafo-NoamThe Hebrew University of Jerusalem,Jerusalem,Israel.
David MankutaHadassah Hospital Obstetrics and Gynecology Department,Hebrew University Medical School,Jerusalem,Israel.
Lior AbramsonThe Hebrew University of Jerusalem,Jerusalem,Israel.
Sarah E MedlandGenetic Epidemiology Department,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute,Brisbane,Australia.
Nicholas G MartinGenetic Epidemiology Department,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute,Brisbane,Australia.
Grant W MontgomeryMolecular Epidemiology Department,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute,Brisbane,Australia.
Patrik K E MagnussonDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics,Karolinska Institutet,Stockholm,Sweden.
Nancy L PedersenDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics,Karolinska Institutet,Stockholm,Sweden.
Anna K Dahl AslanDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics,Karolinska Institutet,Stockholm,Sweden.
Robin P CorleyInstitute for Behavioral Genetics,University of Colorado,Boulder,CO,USA.
Brooke M HuibregtseInstitute for Behavioral Genetics,University of Colorado,Boulder,CO,USA.
Sevgi Y ÖncelDepartment of Statistics,Faculty of Arts and Sciences,Kırıkkale University,Kırıkkale,Turkey.
Fazil AlievPsychology and African American Studies,Virginia Commonwealth University,Richmond,VA,USA.
Robert F KruegerDepartment of Psychology,University of Minnesota,Minneapolis,MN,USA.
Matt McGueDepartment of Psychology,University of Minnesota,Minneapolis,MN,USA.
Shandell PahlenDepartment of Psychology,University of Minnesota,Minneapolis,MN,USA.
Gonneke WillemsenDepartment of Biological Psychology,VU University Amsterdam,Amsterdam,the Netherlands.
Meike BartelsDepartment of Biological Psychology,VU University Amsterdam,Amsterdam,the Netherlands.
Catharina E M van BeijsterveldtDepartment of Biological Psychology,VU University Amsterdam,Amsterdam,the Netherlands.
Judy L SilbergDepartment of Human and Molecular Genetics,Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University,Richmond,VA,USA.
Lindon J EavesDepartment of Human and Molecular Genetics,Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University,Richmond,VA,USA.
Hermine H MaesDepartment of Human and Molecular Genetics,Psychiatry and Massey Cancer Center,Virginia Commonwealth University,Richmond,VA,USA.
Jennifer R HarrisNorwegian Institute of Public Health,Oslo,Norway.
Ingunn BrandtNorwegian Institute of Public Health,Oslo,Norway.
Thomas S NilsenNorwegian Institute of Public Health,Oslo,Norway.
Finn RasmussenLund University,Lund,Sweden.
Per TyneliusDepartment of Public Health Sciences,Karolinska Institutet,Stockholm,Sweden.
Laura A BakerDepartment of Psychology,University of Southern California,Los Angeles,CA,USA.
Catherine TuvbladDepartment of Psychology,University of Southern California,Los Angeles,CA,USA.
Juan R OrdoñanaDepartment of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology,University of Murcia,Murcia,Spain.
Juan F Sánchez-RomeraDepartment of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology,University of Murcia,Murcia,Spain.
Lucia Colodro-CondeDepartment of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology,University of Murcia,Murcia,Spain.
Margaret GatzDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics,Karolinska Institutet,Stockholm,Sweden.
David A ButlerHealth and Medicine Division,The National Academies of Sciences,Engineering, and Medicine,Washington,DC,USA.
Paul LichtensteinDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics,Karolinska Institutet,Stockholm,Sweden.
Jack H GoldbergDepartment of Epidemiology,School of Public Health,University of Washington,Seattle,WA,USA.
K Paige HardenDepartment of Psychology,University of Texas at Austin,Austin,TX,USA.
Elliot M Tucker-DrobDepartment of Psychology,University of Texas at Austin,Austin,TX,USA.
Glen E DuncanWashington State Twin Registry,Washington State University - Health Sciences Spokane,Spokane,WA,USA.
Dedra BuchwaldWashington State Twin Registry,Washington State University - Health Sciences Spokane,Spokane,WA,USA.
Adam D TarnokiDepartment of Radiology,Semmelweis University,Budapest,Hungary.
David L TarnokiDepartment of Radiology,Semmelweis University,Budapest,Hungary.
Carol E FranzDepartment of Psychiatry,University of California,San Diego,CA,USA.
William S KremenDepartment of Psychiatry,University of California,San Diego,CA,USA.
Michael J LyonsDepartment of Psychology,Boston University,Boston,MA,USA.
José A MaiaCIFI2D,Faculty of Sport,University of Porto,Porto,Portugal.
Duarte L FreitasDepartment of Physical Education and Sport,University of Madeira,Funchal,Portugal.
Eric TurkheimerDepartment of Psychology,University of Virginia,Charlottesville,VA,USA.
Thorkild I A SørensenNovo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research (Section on Metabolic Genetics),and Department of Public Health,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,University of Copenhagen,Copenhagen,Denmark.
Dorret I BoomsmaDepartment of Biological Psychology,VU University Amsterdam,Amsterdam,the Netherlands.
Jaakko KaprioInstitute for Molecular Medicine FIMM,Helsinki,Finland.
Funding
The VETSA Longitudinal Twin Study of Cognition and Aging (VETSA 4)R01AG050595 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI ELMAN, JEREMY A, FRANZ, CAROL ELAINE · 2015 to 2024
$28.0MTwin StudyP60DA011015 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI HEWITT, JOHN K. · 1997 to 2013
$22.5MThe VETSA Longitudinal MRI Twin Study of AgingR01AG022381 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI KREMEN, WILLIAM S. · 2003 to 2019
$22.3MThe VETSA Longitudinal Twin Study of Cognition and AgingR01AG018384 · NIA · BOSTON UNIVERSITY (CHARLES RIVER CAMPUS) · PI LYONS, MICHAEL J. · 2002 to 2012
$9.8MThe VETSA longitudinal twin study of cognition and agingR01AG018386 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI KREMEN, WILLIAM S. · 2002 to 2012
$9.7MRISK FACTORS FOR ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIORR01MH058354 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI BAKER, LAURA A · 2000 to 2013
$8.5MBuilding a Unique National Community Based Twin RepositoryRC2HL103416 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI BUCHWALD, DEDRA S · 2009 to 2010
$7.7MResearch Training-Genetics of Substance AbuseT32DA017637 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO AT BOULDER · PI STITZEL, JERRY A · 2004 to 2023
$5.3MScientific & Technical CoreP2CHD042849 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN · PI Catherine A Calder · 2017 to 2026
$5.2MThe Effects of Estradiol on Genetic Risk for Disordered Eating During PubertyR01MH092377 · NIMH · MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY · PI KLUMP, KELLY L · 2010 to 2014
$3.4MDNA methylation differences between identical twinsR01ES015150 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI MACK, THOMAS MCCULLOCH · 2006 to 2009
$3.1MDETERMINANTS OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDRENR01HD010333 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO AT BOULDER · PI WADSWORTH, SALLY J · 1985 to 2010
$3.0MCancer Research UK 14133European Research Council 230374NHLBI NIH HHS RC2 HL103416NIAAA NIH HHS K05 AA000145NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA009203NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA012502NIAAA NIH HHS R21 AA023322NIAAA NIH HHS R37 AA012502NIA NIH HHS R01 AG013662NIA NIH HHS R01 AG018384NIA NIH HHS R01 AG018386NIA NIH HHS R01 AG022381NIA NIH HHS R01 AG022982NIA NIH HHS R01 AG050595NIA NIH HHS R21 AG039572NICHD NIH HHS P2C HD042849NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD010333NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD066040NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD068435NICHD NIH HHS R21 HD081437NIDA NIH HHS P60 DA011015NIDA NIH HHS T32 DA017637NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH058354NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH062375NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH081813NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH092377NIMH NIH HHS R03 MH063851NIMH NIH HHS R21 MH070542
Abstract
Whether monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins differ from each other in a variety of phenotypes is important for genetic twin modeling and for inferences made from twin studies in general. We analyzed whether there were differences in individual, maternal and paternal education between MZ and DZ twins in a large pooled dataset. Information was gathered on individual education for 218,362 adult twins from 27 twin cohorts (53% females; 39% MZ twins), and on maternal and paternal education for 147,315 and 143,056 twins respectively, from 28 twin cohorts (52% females; 38% MZ twins). Together, we had information on individual or parental education from 42 twin cohorts representing 19 countries. The original education classifications were transformed to education years and analyzed using linear regression models. Overall, MZ males had 0.26 (95% CI [0.21, 0.31]) years and MZ females 0.17 (95% CI [0.12, 0.21]) years longer education than DZ twins. The zygosity difference became smaller in more recent birth cohorts for both males and females. Parental education was somewhat longer for fathers of DZ twins in cohorts born in 1990-1999 (0.16 years, 95% CI [0.08, 0.25]) and 2000 or later (0.11 years, 95% CI [0.00, 0.22]), compared with fathers of MZ twins. The results show that the years of both individual and parental education are largely similar in MZ and DZ twins. We suggest that the socio-economic differences between MZ and DZ twins are so small that inferences based upon genetic modeling of twin data are not affected.
Indexed as
Academic SuccessModels, GeneticTwins, DizygoticTwins, MonozygoticCohort StudiesFemaleHumansMaleSocioeconomic Factorseducationparental educationtwinszygosity
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
None linked
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.