ArticleThe international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity2017
Externalizing behavior is prospectively associated with intake of added sugar and sodium among low socioeconomic status preschoolers in a sex-specific manner.
Article in The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01398358 (Enhancing Self Regulation as a Strategy for Obesity Prevention in Head Start Preschoolers), which is not on this map. Cited by 13 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Enhancing Self Regulation as a Strategy for Obesity Prevention in Head Start Preschoolers
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Epigenetic age acceleration in adolescence: cross-sectional associations with dietary intake and prospective associations with cardiometabolic risk indicators in a Mexico City cohort.Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD · 2026Article
- The Metabolic Mind: Revisiting Glucose Metabolism and Justice Involvement in Neurolaw.NeuroSci · 2025Article
- Adolescent dietary patterns and methyl-donor nutrient intakes in relation to blood leukocyte DNA methylation of circadian genes.Chronobiology international · 2025Article
- Article
- Association between free sugars intake and early psychopathological problems.Journal of child health care : for professionals working with children in the hospital and community · 2024Article
- Nutritional Criminology: Why the Emerging Research on Ultra-Processed Food Matters to Health and Justice.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Dietary Sugar Research in Preschoolers: Methodological, Genetic, and Cardiometabolic Considerations.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Review
- Early life exposure to high fructose diet induces metabolic dysregulation associated with sex-specific cognitive impairment in adolescent rats.The Journal of nutritional biochemistry · 2023Article
- Childhood emotional and behavioral characteristics are associated with soda intake: A prospective study in Mexico City.Pediatric obesity · 2020Article
- Accelerometer-measured Physical Activity, Reproductive Hormones, and DNA Methylation.Medicine and science in sports and exercise · 2020Article
- Added Sugar and Dental Caries in Children: A Scientific Update and Future Steps.Dental clinics of North America · 2019Review
- Dietary exposures, epigenetics and pubertal tempo.Environmental epigenetics · 2019Article
- Association of blood leukocyte DNA methylation at LINE-1 and growth-related candidate genes with pubertal onset and progression.Epigenetics · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHigh intake of added sugar and sodium is a public health concern for preschool-aged children living in the US. Externalizing behavior may predict higher consumption of added sugar and/or sodium; however, previous studies have mostly been cross-sectional. The aim was to evaluate whether externalizing behavior is prospectively related to added sugar and intake in a sex-specific manner among preschoolers.
methodsThis was a secondary analysis of 524 preschool children (48% male) from Michigan who participated in an obesity prevention trial that occurred during one school year from 2011 to 2015. Teacher-assessed externalizing behaviors and three 24-h dietary recalls were completed at baseline and follow-up. We used linear mixed effects regression to evaluate the association between externalizing behavior at baseline and added sugar (% of total Calories) and sodium intake (mg/1000 Calories) at follow-up. In adjusted analysis, we included baseline income-to-needs ratio, child race/ethnicity, and baseline overweight status. All models were adjusted for total energy intake and accounted for clustering by classroom.
resultsBaseline externalizing behavior was positively associated with added sugar intake at follow-up among boys; after adjustment for confounders, every 5 points lower externalizing T-score (corresponding to higher externalizing behavior) was associated with a 0.6 higher percentage of added sugar per total Calories (95% CI 0.2 to 1.1; P value = 0.004). In contrast, girls with higher levels of externalizing behavior had lower consumption of added sugars; after confounder adjustment, every 5 points lower externalizing T-score was related to 0.6 lower percentage intake (95% CI -1.0 to -0.1; P value = 0.01). Baseline externalizing behavior was inversely associated with sodium intake at follow-up among boys. After potential confounder adjustment, for every 5 points lower externalizing behavior T-score, there was a 22 mg/1000 Cal lower sodium intake (95% CI -45 to 1; P value = 0.06). In contrast, after adjustment for confounders, every 5 points lower externalizing T-score among girls was related to 24 mg/1000 Cal higher sodium intake (95% CI 1 to 46; P value = 0.04).
conclusionsExternalizing behavior among preschool-aged children was prospectively related to added sugar and sodium intake in a sex-dependent manner.
trial registrationNCT01398358 Registered 19 July 2011.
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