Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28974211›Full record

ArticleBMC ophthalmology2017

Quantitative evaluation of hard exudates in diabetic macular edema after short-term intravitreal triamcinolone, dexamethasone implant or bevacizumab injections.

Yong Un Shin, Eun Hee Hong, Han Woong Lim, Min Ho Kang, Mincheol Seong, Heeyoon Cho

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC ophthalmology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Hard exudates in diabetic macular edema after intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy: a post-hoc analysis of the DRCR protocol T trial.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026
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  10. Inflammatory Biomarkers in Diabetic Macular Edema.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Yong Un ShinDepartment of Ophthalmology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
Eun Hee HongDepartment of Ophthalmology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
Han Woong LimDepartment of Ophthalmology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
Min Ho KangDepartment of Ophthalmology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
Mincheol SeongDepartment of Ophthalmology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
Heeyoon ChoDepartment of Ophthalmology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. hycho@hanyang.ac.kr.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTo quantitatively compare short-term hard exudates (HEs) alteration in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) after intravitreal triamcinolone, dexamethasone implant or bevacizumab injections.

methodsThis retrospective study enrolled DME eyes with HEs that underwent a single-dose intravitreal injection of triamcinolone (25 eyes), dexamethasone implant (20 eyes), or three monthly injections of bevacizumab (25 eyes) and completed at least three months of follow-up. All patients were examined before and after 1, 2 and 3 months of injections. Using color fundus photographs, the amount of HEs was quantified by two masked graders. The difference in HEs area between baseline and each follow-up visit was compared among the three groups.

resultsAfter three months, HEs area was reduced to 52.9 ± 4.21% (P < 0.001) in the triamcinolone group, 63.6 ± 6.08% (P = 0.002) in the dexamethasone implant group, and 85.2 ± 5.07% (P = 0.198) in the bevacizumab group. A significant reduction in HEs appeared at one month in the triamcinolone group (53.5 ± 4.91%, P < 0.001) and at two months in the dexamethasone implant group (70.1 ± 5.21%, P = 0.039).

conclusionsOur study suggests intravitreal steroids (triamcinolone, dexamethasone implants) significantly reduce HEs in DME patients on short-term follow-up, whereas intravitreal bevacizumab does not. Therefore, intravitreal steroids may be useful in DME with HEs in the fovea.

Indexed as

AgedAngiogenesis InhibitorsBevacizumabDexamethasoneDiabetic RetinopathyDrug ImplantsExudates and TransudatesFemaleGlucocorticoidsHumansIntravitreal InjectionsMacular EdemaMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesTomography, Optical CoherenceAngiogenesis InhibitorsBevacizumabDexamethasoneDrug ImplantsGlucocorticoidsTriamcinolone AcetonideVascular Endothelial Growth Factor AVEGFA protein, humanBevacizumabDexamethasone implantDiabetic macular edemaHard exudateTriamcinolone

Identifiers

PMID28974211
PMCPMC5627478

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.