ReviewEndocrine reviews2017
Insulin Receptor Isoforms in Physiology and Disease: An Updated View.
Review in Endocrine reviews, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 220 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
220 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 357 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Potential Effect of Metformin on Cancer: An Umbrella Review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2019Pooled it
- Gut microbial community and host intestinal gene expression with combined fish oil and soluble corn fiber compared with corn oil and maltodextrin: A randomized crossover trial in healthy older individuals.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Trial
- Insulin mimetics and non-canonical insulin receptor signaling: mechanisms and disease relevance.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- Antibody-Based Biologics for CNS Disorders.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- An illustrative summary of receptor-mediated mechanisms involved in the therapeutic regulation of type 2 diabetes.Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2026Review
- Characterization of the chicken insulin receptor gene: Genomic organization and alternative promoter regulation.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Review
- Understanding the mechanisms underlying obesity induced tumorigenesis: therapeutic perspectives to manage dysregulated lipid metabolism.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Insulin Signalling-Inducible IFITM1 Promotes Multiple Myeloma Progression and Bortezomib Resistance.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Downregulation of insulin receptor isoform A in the forebrain of fetal growth-restricted rats.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- A sweet danger: the silent link between hyperinsulinemia and gastric cancer.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- An engineered insulin analog with dual insulin and IGF-1 receptor agonism and distinct signaling.Science advances · 2026Article
- Type 2 Diabetes, Glycemic Traits and Overall Cancer Risk: A Large-Scale Prospective Cohort Study.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- Convergent IGF2 overexpression in pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma: insights from Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome.Endocrine-related cancer · 2026Article
- Bidirectional Interactions Between Immune Regulation and the Insulin-like Growth Factor Axis in Colorectal Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Insulin receptor expression and its association with hyperinsulinemia in triple negative breast cancer.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- Endocrine Implications of Congenital Disorders of GlycosylationJournal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology · 2026Review
- Insulin resistance: mechanisms and therapeutic interventions.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Article
160 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The insulin receptor (IR) gene undergoes differential splicing that generates two IR isoforms, IR-A and IR-B. The physiological roles of IR isoforms are incompletely understood and appear to be determined by their different binding affinities for insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), particularly for IGF-2. Predominant roles of IR-A in prenatal growth and development and of IR-B in metabolic regulation are well established. However, emerging evidence indicates that the differential expression of IR isoforms may also help explain the diversification of insulin and IGF signaling and actions in various organs and tissues by involving not only different ligand-binding affinities but also different membrane partitioning and trafficking and possibly different abilities to interact with a variety of molecular partners. Of note, dysregulation of the IR-A/IR-B ratio is associated with insulin resistance, aging, and increased proliferative activity of normal and neoplastic tissues and appears to sustain detrimental effects. This review discusses novel information that has generated remarkable progress in our understanding of the physiology of IR isoforms and their role in disease. We also focus on novel IR ligands and modulators that should now be considered as an important strategy for better and safer treatment of diabetes and cancer and possibly other IR-related diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.