ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2018
Social and Economic Burden Associated With Typhoid Fever in Kathmandu and Surrounding Areas: A Qualitative Study.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed.
- Fighting typhoid fever in Tanzania: the importance of evidence for effective prevention and control amid urgency to act.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Article
- Microarray patch vaccines for typhoid conjugate vaccines: A global cost-effectiveness analysis.Vaccine · 2025Article
- A systematised review and evidence synthesis on the broader societal impact of vaccines against Salmonella.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Influences on use of antibiotics without prescription by the public in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and synthesis of qualitative evidence.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2024Review
- The cost of typhoid illness in low- and middle-income countries, a scoping review of the literature.PloS one · 2024Article
- Typhoid fever.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2023Review
- Achieving Impact: Charting the Course to Meet the Challenges Ahead at the 12th International Conference on Typhoid and Other Invasive Salmonelloses.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Typhoid Control in an Era of Antimicrobial Resistance: Challenges and Opportunities.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Socioeconomic and ethnic inequalities in incidence and severity of enteric fever in England 2015-2019: analysis of a national enhanced surveillance system.Epidemiology and infection · 2023Article
- Understanding the Mechanism of Antimicrobial Resistance and Pathogenesis ofMicroorganisms · 2022Review
- The Burden of Typhoid Fever in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Perspective.Research and reports in tropical medicine · 2022Review
- Morbidity and Mortality Associated with Typhoid Fever Among Hospitalized Patients in Hyderabad District, Pakistan, 2017-2018: Retrospective Record Review.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2021Article
- Seroprevalence and Clinical Features of Scrub Typhus among Febrile Patients Attending a Referral Hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2021Article
- Typhoid and Paratyphoid Cost of Illness in Pakistan: Patient and Health Facility Costs From the Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project II.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Article
- Typhoid and Paratyphoid Cost of Illness in Bangladesh: Patient and Health Facility Costs From the Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project II.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Article
- Typhoid and Paratyphoid Cost of Illness in Nepal: Patient and Health Facility Costs From the Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project II.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Article
- A Cluster-based, Spatial-sampling Method for Assessing Household Healthcare Utilization Patterns in Resource-limited Settings.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Article
- Extensively Drug-Resistant (XDR) Typhoid: Evolution, Prevention, and Its Management.BioMed research international · 2020Review
- A Review of the Economic Evidence of Typhoid Fever and Typhoid Vaccines.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Review
- Enteric Fever in Cambodia: Community Perceptions and Practices Concerning Disease Transmission and Treatment.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Typhoid fever is a significant contributor to infectious disease mortality and morbidity in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in South Asia. With increasing antimicrobial resistance, commonly used treatments are less effective and risks increase for complications and hospitalizations. During an episode of typhoid fever, households experience multiple social and economic costs that are often undocumented. In the current study, qualitative interview data from Kathmandu and surrounding areas provide important insights into the challenges that affect those who contract typhoid fever and their caregivers, families, and communities, as well as insight into prevention and treatment options for health providers and outreach workers. When considering typhoid fever cases confirmed by blood culture, our data reveal delays in healthcare access, financial and time costs burden on households, and the need to increase health literacy. These data also illustrate the impact of limited laboratory diagnostic equipment and tools on healthcare providers' abilities to distinguish typhoid fever from other febrile conditions and treatment challenges associated with antimicrobial resistance. In light of these findings, there is an urgent need to identify and implement effective preventive measures including vaccination policies and programs focused on at-risk populations and endemic regions such as Nepal.
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