ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2017
Third Trimester Estrogens and Maternal Breast Cancer: Prospective Evidence.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Relationship Between Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer and Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of Korean medical science · 2022Pooled it
- Regulation of Human Renal Transporters by Pregnancy-Related Hormones in Primary Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells.Metabolites · 2026Article
- Estrogen metabolism pathways in pregnancy and subsequent breast cancer risk: a prospective follow-up study.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Article
- Estrogen Metabolism Pathways in Pregnancy and Subsequent Breast Cancer Risk: A Prospective Follow-up Study.Research square · 2025Article
- Environmental basis for early onset breast cancer.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Associations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances with maternal early second trimester sex-steroid hormones.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2024Article
- The effect of pregnancy-related hormones on hepatic transporters: studies with premenopausal human hepatocytes.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Exposome epidemiology for suspect environmental chemical exposures during pregnancy linked to subsequent breast cancer diagnosis.Environment international · 2023Article
- Longitudinal Course of Sex Steroids From Pregnancy to Postpartum.Endocrinology · 2023Review
- Fertility Preservation in Young Women With Breast Cancer: A Review.Journal of breast cancer · 2023Review
- Impact of pregnancy related hormones on drug metabolizing enzyme and transport protein concentrations in human hepatocytes.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY: Pregnancy exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals: implications for women's health.Reproduction (Cambridge, England) · 2021Review
- Maternal phthalate and phthalate alternative metabolites and urinary biomarkers of estrogens and testosterones across pregnancy.Environment international · 2021Article
- Effects of controlled ovarian stimulation on vascular barrier and endothelial glycocalyx: a pilot study.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2021Article
- A System Pharmacology Model for Decoding the Synergistic Mechanisms of Compound Kushen Injection in Treating Breast Cancer.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- Male predisposition to severe COVID-19: Review of evidence and potential therapeutic prospects.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2020Review
- A vision for exposome epidemiology: The pregnancy exposome in relation to breast cancer in the Child Health and Development Studies.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2020Article
- Heightened susceptibility: A review of how pregnancy and chemical exposures influence maternal health.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2020Review
- Prenatal Biochemical Screening and a Woman's Long-Term Risk of Cancer: A Population-Based Cohort Study.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2020Article
- Maternal Pregnancy Hormone Concentrations in Countries with Very Low and High Breast Cancer Risk.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Context: Full-term pregnancy is associated with a transient increase and life-time decrease in maternal breast cancer risk. Estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), and estriol (E3) are in high concentration during the third trimester. E1 and E2 metabolism produces carcinogenic intermediaries, and E3 metabolism does not. Objective: We tested the hypothesis that higher E3 in pregnancy is protective while higher E1 plus E2 increases risk. Design: Prospective case-cohort study (n = 620; 204 cases) nested in a 38-year follow-up of 15,528 pregnant women in the Child Health and Development Studies. We measured E1, E2, and E3 in archived third trimester serum and estimated associations with breast cancer. Setting: Northern California Kaiser members receiving obstetric care from 1959 to 1967. Main Outcome Measure: Breast cancer diagnosed through 1997. Results: Doubling of E1+E2 was associated with greater risk [hazard ratio (HR), 1.7; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.2 to 2.4]. In contrast, doubling of E3 or the E3/E1+E2 ratio was associated with protection (HR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.5 to 1.0; HR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.4 to 0.8, respectively). Associations were stronger for diagnoses within 15 years after delivery compared with 16 to 38 years (Pinteraction = 0.0002) for gravidas >27 years at delivery vs ≤27 (Pinteraction = 0.01) and for primiparas vs multiparas (Pinteraction = 0.02). Conclusions: Relatively high third trimester E3 levels might protect parous women from breast cancer and E1 and E2 might enhance the risk. If findings are confirmed, third trimester pregnancy estrogens could help explain how parity affects breast cancer.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.