Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28972576›Full record

SynthesisMolecular psychiatry2018

The effects of ketamine on dopaminergic function: meta-analysis and review of the implications for neuropsychiatric disorders.

M Kokkinou, A H Ashok, O D Howes

2 registry-linked trialsOpen access · hybridAbstract readMeta-AnalysisReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Molecular psychiatry, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 109 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
109citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
16.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05507008 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

Starving for Energy - A Pilot Study to Test Ketone Derived Energy in Eating Disorders

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of California, San DiegoRan2022 to 2026Enrolled38ConditionsAnorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Atypical Anorexia Nervosa, Atypical Bulimia NervosaArmsKenetik Ketone Drink
NCT06957704 phase3not yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Subcutaneous Ketamine in the Treatment of Depressive Episode With Suicidal Ideation and/or Behavior in Adolescents

TypeinterventionalSponsorFederal University of São PauloRan2025 to 2028Enrolled60ConditionsDepressive Disorder, Suicidal IdeasArmsketamine, Midazolam
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

109 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 245 citations in OpenAlex.

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  14. Novel drug treatments for schizophrenia.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2026
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49 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

M KokkinouRobert Steiner MR Unit, Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
A H AshokRobert Steiner MR Unit, Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
O D HowesRobert Steiner MR Unit, Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
Hammersmith Hospital · GBImperial College London · GBMRC London Institute of Medical Sciences · GB

Funding

Medical Research Council G0700995Medical Research Council MC_U120097115Medical Research Council MR/N026063/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Ketamine is a non-competitive antagonist at the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor. It has recently been found to have antidepressant effects and is a drug of abuse, suggesting it may have dopaminergic effects. To examine the effect of ketamine on the dopamine systems, we carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of dopamine measures in the rodent, human and primate brain following acute and chronic ketamine administration relative to a drug-free baseline or control condition. Systematic search of PubMed and PsychInfo electronic databases yielded 40 original peer-reviewed studies. There were sufficient rodent studies of the acute effects of ketamine at sub-anaesthetic doses for meta-analysis. Acute ketamine administration in rodents is associated with significantly increased dopamine levels in the cortex (Hedge's g= 1.33, P<0.01), striatum (Hedge's g=0.57, P<0.05) and the nucleus accumbens (Hedge's g=1.30, P<0.05) compared to control conditions, and 62-180% increases in dopamine neuron population activity. Sub-analysis indicated elevations were more marked in in vivo (g=1.93) than ex vivo (g=0.50) studies. There were not enough studies for meta-analysis in other brain regions studied (hippocampus, ventral pallidum and cerebellum), or of the effects of chronic ketamine administration, although consistent increases in cortical dopamine levels (from 88 to 180%) were reported in the latter studies. In contrast, no study showed an effect of anaesthetic doses (>100 mg kg

Indexed as

Anesthetics, DissociativeAnimalsBrainDatabases, FactualDopamineHumansKetamineAnesthetics, DissociativeDopamineKetamine

Identifiers

PMID28972576
PMCPMC5754467
OpenAlexW2762750184

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.