ReviewToxins2017
Treatments for Pulmonary Ricin Intoxication: Current Aspects and Future Prospects.
Review in Toxins, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- A cell differentiation landscape for monocyte and interstitial macrophage in the lung with diffuse alveolar damage.Protein & cell · 2026Article
- NET degradation attenuates ricin-induced acute lung injury and protects mice from ARDS.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- A Biparatopic Intrabody Renders Vero Cells Impervious to Ricin Intoxication.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Short- and long-term outcomes of pulmonary exposure to a sublethal dose of ricin in mice.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Spatiotemporal single-cell transcriptomic profiling reveals inflammatory cell states in a mouse model of diffuse alveolar damage.Exploration (Beijing, China) · 2023Article
- Comparative Aspects of Ricin Toxicity by Inhalation.Toxins · 2023Review
- Serum antibody profiling identifies vaccine-induced correlates of protection against aerosolized ricin toxin in rhesus macaques.NPJ vaccines · 2022Article
- Protective and therapeutic effects of Scutellaria baicalensis and its main active ingredients baicalin and baicalein against natural toxicities and physical hazards: a review of mechanisms.Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences · 2022Review
- Article
- Differential ER stress as a driver of cell fate following ricin toxin exposure.FASEB bioAdvances · 2022Article
- PathogenicFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Durable Immunity to Ricin Toxin Elicited by a Thermostable, Lyophilized Subunit Vaccine.mSphere · 2021Article
- Ricin Antibodies' Neutralizing Capacity against Different Ricin Isoforms and Cultivars.Toxins · 2021Article
- Disease-modifying treatment of chemical threat agent-induced acute lung injury.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2020Review
- Post-Exposure Anti-Ricin Treatment Protects Swine Against Lethal Systemic and Pulmonary Exposures.Toxins · 2020Article
- An intranasally administered monoclonal antibody cocktail abrogates ricin toxin-induced pulmonary tissue damage and inflammation.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2020Article
- Article
- Passive immunization with an extended half-life monoclonal antibody protects Rhesus macaques against aerosolized ricin toxin.NPJ vaccines · 2020Article
- Sites of vulnerability on ricin B chain revealed through epitope mapping of toxin-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies.PloS one · 2020Article
- A Proof-of-Concept, Two-Tiered Approach for Ricin Detection Using Ambient Mass Spectrometry.RSC advances · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ricin, a plant-derived toxin originating from the seeds of Ricinus communis (castor beans), is one of the most lethal toxins known, particularly if inhaled. Ricin is considered a potential biological threat agent due to its high availability and ease of production. The clinical manifestation of pulmonary ricin intoxication in animal models is closely related to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which involves pulmonary proinflammatory cytokine upregulation, massive neutrophil infiltration and severe edema. Currently, the only post-exposure measure that is effective against pulmonary ricinosis at clinically relevant time-points following intoxication in pre-clinical studies is passive immunization with anti-ricin neutralizing antibodies. The efficacy of this antitoxin treatment depends on antibody affinity and the time of treatment initiation within a limited therapeutic time window. Small-molecule compounds that interfere directly with the toxin or inhibit its intracellular trafficking may also be beneficial against ricinosis. Another approach relies on the co-administration of antitoxin antibodies with immunomodulatory drugs, thereby neutralizing the toxin while attenuating lung injury. Immunomodulators and other pharmacological-based treatment options should be tailored according to the particular pathogenesis pathways of pulmonary ricinosis. This review focuses on the current treatment options for pulmonary ricin intoxication using anti-ricin antibodies, disease-modifying countermeasures, anti-ricin small molecules and their various combinations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.