ArticleeLife2017
Human and nonhuman primate meninges harbor lymphatic vessels that can be visualized noninvasively by MRI.
Article in eLife, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 386 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Glymphatic Pathway in Brain Imaging: Evaluation of MRI Findings
MR Lymphatic Imaging in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
Who cites it
386 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 623 citations in OpenAlex.
- Brain lymphatic drainage pathways, deep cervical lymphatic surgery, and current insights: A systematic review.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2026Pooled it
- Therapeutic Modulation of Meningeal Lymphatics: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Evidence Across Neurological Disorders.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2025Pooled it
- Role of meningeal lymphatic vessels in brain homeostasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Glymphatic function in humans: indicators, modulators, and measurement strategies.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Review
- Ultrafast venous and sagittal sinus constrictions in the brain driven by abdominal pressure.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Review
- Article
- Central nervous system lymphatic network: from the maintenance of brain homeostasis to emerging therapeutic perspectives in neurodegenerative diseases.Translational neurodegeneration · 2026Review
- Mapping Lymphatic Drainage from the Human Brain to the Head and Neck: Potential Surgical Implications for Dementia.Archives of plastic surgery · 2026Article
- Cerebral venous blood flow regulates intracerebral pressure and brain clearance via meningeal lymphatic vessels.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- A Quantitative Assessment of MRI-Visible Perivascular-Space Burden Across the Cognitive Spectrum: Associations with APOE ε4 Status and Venous Sinus Volume.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- The Use of Dynamic Neck Lymphaticovenous Anastomosis in the Adjunctive Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: A Retrospective Case Series.Archives of plastic surgery · 2026Article
- Artificial intelligence-based segmentation of perisinusoidal tissue along the superior sagittal sinus in human brain magnetic resonance imaging.Neuroradiology · 2026Article
- Functional and Structural Evidence of Neurofluid Circuit Aberrations in Huntington Disease.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- Meningeal lymphatic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease: molecular mechanisms, clinical implications, and future perspectives.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2026Review
- Rapid Tissue-CSF Water Exchange in the Human Brain Revealed by Magnetization Transfer Indirect Spin Labeling.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2026Article
- Disrupted drainage in the aging brain: Meningeal lymphatic decline as a convergent axis of vulnerability.Neurobiology of aging · 2026Review
- Hyperintense FLAIR signal in the anterior cranial fossa.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Pediatric hydrocephalus and imaging evaluation of ventriculomegaly in the emergency setting.Pediatric radiology · 2026Review
326 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Here, we report the existence of meningeal lymphatic vessels in human and nonhuman primates (common marmoset monkeys) and the feasibility of noninvasively imaging and mapping them in vivo with high-resolution, clinical MRI. On T2-FLAIR and T1-weighted black-blood imaging, lymphatic vessels enhance with gadobutrol, a gadolinium-based contrast agent with high propensity to extravasate across a permeable capillary endothelial barrier, but not with gadofosveset, a blood-pool contrast agent. The topography of these vessels, running alongside dural venous sinuses, recapitulates the meningeal lymphatic system of rodents. In primates, meningeal lymphatics display a typical panel of lymphatic endothelial markers by immunohistochemistry. This discovery holds promise for better understanding the normal physiology of lymphatic drainage from the central nervous system and potential aberrations in neurological diseases.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.