SynthesisWorld journal of gastroenterology2017
Autoimmune hepatitis: Standard treatment and systematic review of alternative treatments.
Synthesis in World journal of gastroenterology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06650124 (Induction of Remission in Autoimmune Hepatitis With Azathioprine vs. MMF), which is not on this map. Cited by 65 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Induction of Remission in Autoimmune Hepatitis With Azathioprine vs. MMF
Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 140 citations in OpenAlex.
- KASL clinical practice guidelines for management of autoimmune hepatitis 2022.Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2023Guideline
- Autoimmune Hepatitis-Like Syndrome Following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Systematic Review of the Literature.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Autoimmune hepatitis treatment in the elderly: A systematic review.World journal of gastroenterology · 2019Pooled it
- Review article: Immunosuppression in Decompensated Autoimmune Hepatitis Cirrhosis - To Suppress or Not to Suppress?Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2026Review
- Yinchenhao Decoction Alleviates Liver Injury in CYP2D6-Induced Autoimmune Hepatitis Mice: An Integrated Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis.Chinese journal of integrative medicine · 2026Article
- Utilization of Steroid Sparing Agents for Immune-Related Adverse Events (irAEs): Management Strategies and Considerations.Current oncology reports · 2026Review
- Dosing and Route of Steroid Induction Therapy in Non-Severe Autoimmune Hepatitis Do Not Affect Time to Biochemical Response.JGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2026Article
- Development and validation of bleeding prediction model for percutaneous liver biopsy in children.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Rare Lupus Exacerbation Shines Light on Provider Bias in a Patient With Possible Autoimmune Hepatitis.Cureus · 2025Article
- Difficult to treat and refractory autoimmune hepatitis: Recent advances in pharmacological management.World journal of hepatology · 2025Review
- Efficacy and Safety of Mycophenolate Mofetil Compared to Azathioprine in Autoimmune Hepatitis: A Meta-Analysis.Gastroenterology research · 2025Article
- Unmet needs in autoimmune liver diseases.Current opinion in immunology · 2025Review
- Exosome-Modified AAV Gene Therapy Attenuates Autoimmune Hepatitis via Enhanced Regulatory T Cell Targeting and Immune Modulation.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Long-Term Prednisone Use Increases Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk in Autoimmune Hepatitis Cirrhosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Gastro hep advances · 2025Article
- Overlap syndromes in autoimmune liver disease: a review.Translational gastroenterology and hepatology · 2025Review
- Assessment ofNew microbes and new infections · 2024Article
- Autoimmune hepatitis: Towards a personalized treatment.World journal of hepatology · 2024Review
- Rhoifolin Attenuates Concanavalin A-Induced Autoimmune Hepatitis in Mice via JAKs/STATs Mediated Immune and Apoptotic Processes.ACS omega · 2024Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced diarrhea and colitis: an overview.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2024Review
- B cell depletion for autoimmune liver diseases: A retrospective review of indications and outcomes.JPGN reports · 2024Article
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis is a rare chronic inflammatory liver disease, affecting all ages, characterised by elevated transaminase and immunoglobulin G levels, positive autoantibodies, interface hepatitis at liver histology and good response to immunosuppressive treatment. If untreated, it has a poor prognosis. The aim of this review is to summarize the evidence for standard treatment and to provide a systematic review on alternative treatments for adults and children. Standard treatment is based on steroids and azathioprine, and leads to disease remission in 80%-90% of patients. Alternative first line treatment has been attempted with budesonide or cyclosporine, but their superiority compared to standard treatment remains to be demonstrated. Second-line treatments are needed for patients not responding or intolerant to standard treatment. No randomized controlled trials have been performed for second-line options. Mycophenolate mofetil is the most widely used second-line drug, and has good efficacy particularly for patients intolerant to azathioprine, but has the major disadvantage of being teratogenic. Only few and heterogeneous data on cyclosporine, tacrolimus, everolimus and sirolimus are available. More recently, experience with the anti-tumour necrosis factor-alpha infliximab and the anti-CD20 rituximab has been published, with ambivalent results; these agents may have severe side-effects and their use should be restricted to specialized centres. Clinical trials with new therapeutic options are ongoing.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.