ArticleBMC ophthalmology2017
Assessment of biomarkers using multiplex assays in aqueous humor of patients with diabetic retinopathy.
Article in BMC ophthalmology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04856670 (Assessing the Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on Anterior Chamber Cytokine Production and Postoperative Macular Edema in Patients Undergoing Femtosecond Laser-assisted Cataract Surgery), which is not on this map. Cited by 50 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Assessing the Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on Anterior Chamber Cytokine Production and Postoperative Macular Edema in Patients Undergoing Femtosecond Laser-assisted Cataract Surgery
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chemokines in Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- The role of IL-6-174 G/C polymorphism and intraocular IL-6 levels in the pathogenesis of ocular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2020Pooled it
- Aqueous Humor Mediator and Cytokine Aberrations in Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Macular Edema: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Disease markers · 2019Pooled it
- Aqueous Cytokine Expression and Higher Order OCT Biomarkers: Assessment of the Anatomic-Biologic Bridge in the IMAGINE DME Study.American journal of ophthalmology · 2021Trial
- An Update and Overview of the Ocular and Extraocular Microbiome and Its Impact on Ophthalmic Care.Advances in therapy · 2026Review
- Inflammatory Biomarkers in Diabetic Macular Edema.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Molecular stress and neurovascular injury in the diabetic retina.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Paired Tear Fluid - Plasma Inflammatory Profiling Identifies Compartment-Specific Biomarkers for Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Macular Edema.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Article
- Lipidome's Role in Diabetic Retinopathy Subtypes via Inflammation: Mendelian Randomization and Mediation Analysis.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Combined thermal and mild electrical stimulations modulate heat shock protein and VEGF in retinal pigment epithelial cells under high glucose.BMC research notes · 2025Article
- Tear fluid participates in systemic immunity.Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2025Review
- Liquid Biopsy Combined with Multi-Omics Approaches in Diagnosis, Management, and Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Elevated Inflammatory Cytokines Persist in the Aqueous Humor Years After Cataract Surgery.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Aqueous-humor biomarkers and real-world efficacy of conbercept for diabetic macular edema: a prospective study in elderly patients.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Breach and restoration of retinal immune privilege: barrier failure, innate dysregulation, and adaptive autoimmunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Multifunctional nano-in-micro delivery systems for targeted therapy in fundus neovascularization diseases.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Review
- Immune-Mediated Ocular Surface Disease in Diabetes Mellitus-Clinical Perspectives and Treatment: A Narrative Review.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Chemokines in diabetic eye disease.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2024Article
- Biochemical Changes in Anterior Chamber of the Eye in Diabetic Patients-A Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Modulation of CXCL10 activity as a therapeutic target of ocular toxoplasmosis in diabetic mice.Journal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWith the high prevalence of type 2 diabetes, diabetic retinopathy (DR) has become a leading health problem worldwide. The pathogenesis of DR is complex and several vascular, inflammatory, and neuronal mechanisms are involved. The purpose of this study was to assess the levels of immune and inflammatory biomarkers in the aqueous humor of patients with different severities of DR and to analyze the correlations between Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and these biomarkers, and between IL-6 and the severity of the disease.
methodsAqueous humor samples were obtained from 51 non-diabetic patients and 151 diabetic patients. Levels of 45 different cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors were measured using a multiplex bead immunoassay.
resultsIL-6, IL-8, Inducible Protein-10 (IP-10), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the aqueous humor of the DR patients compared to the non-diabetic patients, while the concentrations of IL-1α, IL-4, IL-9, IL-21, IL-23, IL-27, IL-31, RANTES, interferon-α, growth regulated oncogene (GRO), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the DR patients. The IL-6 levels increased as the severity of DR increased. In addition, the IL-6 level positively correlated with the IL-8, HGF and LIF levels, while negatively with the IL-31and GRO levels.
conclusionsThese findings suggest that inflammation and immune response may contribute to the pathogenesis of DR, and these biomarkers may potentially be new therapeutic targets for DR.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.