ArticleNeuropsychology2018
Education, bilingualism, and cognitive trajectories: Sacramento Area Latino Aging Study (SALSA).
Article in Neuropsychology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Air toxics and late-life dementia and cognitive impairment in Mexican Americans.Environmental research · 2025Article
- The role of bilingualism on functional decline and neurodegeneration in distinct ADRD clinical syndromes.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Genetic Prοpensity for Different Aspects of Dementia Pathology and Cognitive Decline in a Community Elderly Population.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Heterogeneity in cognitive profiles of monolingual and bilingual Hispanic/Latino older adults in HABS-HD.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2024Article
- Cohort Profile: Dementia Risk Prediction Project (DRPP).International journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Brain Health and Cognition in Older Adults: Roadmap and Milestones towards the Implementation of Preventive Strategies.Brain sciences · 2024Review
- Dual-Language Use and Cognitive Function Among Mexican Americans Aged 65 and Older.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2024Article
- Air pollution and traffic noise interact to affect cognitive health in older Mexican Americans.Environment international · 2023Article
- Accelerometer-Measured Latent Physical Activity Profiles and Neurocognition Among Middle-Aged and Older Hispanic/Latino Adults in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2022Article
- Associations Between Country where Education is Obtained and Cognitive Functioning Among South American and Caribbean Older Adults Living in the U.S.Journal of cross-cultural gerontology · 2022Article
- The Contribution of Bilingualism to Cognitive Functioning and Regional Brain Volume in Normal and Abnormal Aging.Bilingualism (Cambridge, England) · 2022Article
- Ozone Exposure, Outdoor Physical Activity, and Incident Type 2 Diabetes in the SALSA Cohort of Older Mexican Americans.Environmental health perspectives · 2021Article
- Impact of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adolescence, Young Adulthood, and Midlife on Late-Life Cognition: Study of Healthy Aging in African Americans.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2021Article
- Bilingualism, assessment language, and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in Mexican Americans.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2021Article
- Comparison of Education and Episodic Memory as Modifiers of Brain Atrophy Effects on Cognitive Decline: Implications for Measuring Cognitive Reserve.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2021Article
- Latinx with Type 2 Diabetes: Perceptions of Cognitive Health.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2021Article
- Longitudinal Associations of US Acculturation With Cognitive Performance, Cognitive Impairment, and Dementia.American journal of epidemiology · 2020Article
- Age of Migration and Cognitive Function Among Older Latinos in the United States.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2020Article
- Cognition and Daily Functioning: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (SOL) and Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL-INCA).Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2020Article
- Representation of Older Latinxs in Cohort Studies at the Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center.Neuroepidemiology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThis study examined the influence of education, country where education occurred, and monolingual-bilingual (English/Spanish) language usage on late life cognitive trajectories in the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging (SALSA), an epidemiological study of health and cognition in Hispanics, mostly of Mexican origin, age 60 and over (N = 1,499).
methodSALSA followed a large cohort of older Latinos for up to 7 assessment waves from 1998 to 2007. Global cognition was assessed by using the Modified Mini Mental State Examination, and the Spanish English Verbal Learning Test was used to measure episodic memory. Education, country of origin, and language usage patterns were collected at the baseline assessment and used as predictors of longitudinal trajectories of cognition. Parallel process mixed effects models were used to examine effects of education and language variables on baseline cognition and rate of cognitive decline.
resultsMixed effects longitudinal models showed that education had strong effects on baseline global cognition and verbal memory but was not related to decline over up to 9 years of longitudinal follow-up. Differences in education effects between subgroups educated in Mexico and in the United States were minor. Monolingual-bilingual language usage was not related to cognitive decline, and bilinguals did not significantly differ from monolingual English speakers on baseline cognitive scores.
conclusionsHypotheses that higher education and bilingualism protect against late life cognitive decline were not supported and education effects on late-life cognitive trajectories did not substantially differ across U.S.- and Mexico-educated groups. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.