Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28965508›Full record

SynthesisPublic health nutrition2017

Addressing barriers to exclusive breast-feeding in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and programmatic implications.

Justine A Kavle, Elizabeth LaCroix, Hallie Dau, Cyril Engmann

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Public health nutrition, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 93 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
93citing papers in PubMed, 9 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

93 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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33 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Justine A Kavle1Maternal and Child Survival Program (MCSP),1776 Massachusetts Avenue NW,Suite 300,Washington,DC 20036,USA.
Elizabeth LaCroix2PATH, Maternal,Newborn, and Child Health and Nutrition,Washington,DC,USA.
Hallie Dau2PATH, Maternal,Newborn, and Child Health and Nutrition,Washington,DC,USA.
Cyril Engmann4PATH,Maternal,Newborn, and Child Health and Nutrition,Seattle,WA,USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveDespite numerous global initiatives on breast-feeding, trend data show exclusive breast-feeding (EBF) rates have stagnated over the last two decades. The purpose of the present systematic review was to determine barriers to exclusive breast-feeding in twenty-five low- and middle-income countries and discuss implications for programmes.

designA search of Scopus, MEDLINE, CINAHL and PsychINFO was conducted to retrieve studies from January 2000 to October 2015. Using inclusion criteria, we selected both qualitative and quantitative studies that described barriers to EBF.

settingLow- and middle-income countries. SUBJECTS: Following application of systematic review criteria, forty-eight articles from fourteen countries were included in the review.

resultsSixteen barriers to EBF were identified in the review. There is moderate evidence of a negative association between maternal employment and EBF practices. Studies that examined EBF barriers at childbirth and the initial 24 h post-delivery found strong evidence that caesarean section can impede EBF. There is moderate evidence for early initiation of breast-feeding and likelihood of practising EBF. Breast-feeding problems were commonly reported from cross-sectional or observational studies. Counselling on EBF and the presence of family and/or community support have demonstrated improvements in EBF.

conclusionsImproving the counselling skills of health workers to address breast-feeding problems and increasing community support for breast-feeding are critical components of infant and young child feeding programming, which will aid in attaining the 2025 World Health Assembly EBF targets. Legislation and regulations on marketing of breast-milk substitutes, paid maternity leave and breast-feeding breaks for working mothers require attention in low- and middle-income countries.

Indexed as

Breast FeedingCesarean SectionDeveloping CountriesEmploymentFemaleHumansMothersPovertyBarriersBreast-feedingExclusive breast-feedingInfant and young child feeding programmesInfant and young child nutrition

Identifiers

PMID28965508
PMCPMC10262277

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.