SynthesisBMC cardiovascular disorders2017
Effect of pocket irrigation with antimicrobial on prevention of pacemaker pocket infection: a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC cardiovascular disorders, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antimicrobial Pocket Flush and Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infection: Meta-Analysis of Real-World Studies.Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE · 2026Pooled it
- Infection Prevention and Device Pocket Management in Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices: Emerging Strategies.Current cardiology reports · 2026Review
- Management of patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices in shoulder surgery.Clinics in shoulder and elbow · 2026Article
- Postprocedure AntiBiotic prophylaXis For caRdiac Electrical devicE Implantation (ABxFREE): A Randomized Controlled Trial.JACC. Asia · 2025Article
- Phototherapy to Facilitate Wound Healing Following Pacemaker Infection: A Promising Tool to Improve Outcomes.The Journal of innovations in cardiac rhythm management · 2024Article
- Prevention and Risk Assessment of Cardiac Device Infections in Clinical Practice.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Allergic reaction to an antibiotic-impregnated envelope masquerading as pocket infection.HeartRhythm case reports · 2023Article
- Use of a taurolidine containing antimicrobial wash to reduce cardiac implantable electronic device infection.Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2023Observational
- Antibiotic Prophylaxis and Treatment in Early Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices Infection.Medical archives (Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina) · 2021Observational
- Real-world effectiveness of infection prevention interventions for reducing procedure-related cardiac device infections: Insights from the veterans affairs clinical assessment reporting and tracking program.Infection control and hospital epidemiology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe presence of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) pocket infection is difficult to treat, causing serious clinical outcomes, but little is known for prevention. Results from some studies suggested that pocket irrigation could reduce infection while others showed conflicting results. We pooled the effects of pocket irrigations on the prevention of pocket infection by meta-analysis methods.
methodRelevant studies published before June, 2017 were retrieved mainly by the computer-based search of PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, Web of Science, Chinese BioMedical, Global Health and BIOSIS Previews databases. Estimations of relative ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were pooled. Subgroup analyses according to potential key factors affecting the effects were conducted, which was confirmed by meta-regression. Sensitivity analysis and test for publication bias were also performed.
resultsWe identified 10 studies providing data of 5467 patients receiving CIEDs implantations. Pooled infection rates were 1.48 and 3.49% respectively for medication and saline irrigation groups. Meta-analysis showed that medication irrigation conferred protection to pocket infection (RR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.31-0.63). Subgroup analysis showed that antibiotics, rather than non-antibiotics (antiseptics) exerting the protection. The first and second lines antibiotics against staphylococcus aureus, which is the main pathogen for pocket infection, were both effective (RR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.24-0.75 and RR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.20-0.58 respectively for first line and second line therapies). Meta-regression revealed that region and class of irrigation medication completely explained the variance among studies and implied that effects of region were masked by medication types. Sensitivity analysis did not showed any significant change of the result and publication bias were not statistical significance.
conclusionPocket irrigation with antibiotics were effective for reducing pocket infection and should be encouraged in CIEDs implantation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.