Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28963611›Full record

ReviewClinical reviews in allergy & immunology2019

Sexual Dimorphism in Innate Immunity.

Sébastien Jaillon, Kevin Berthenet, Cecilia Garlanda

Registry-linked trialAbstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04884776 (Modulation of Gut Microbiota to Enhance Health and Immunity of Vulnerable Individuals During COVID-19 Pandemic), which is not on this map. Cited by 335 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
335citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
24.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04884776 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2021, after this paper: background citation

Modulation of Gut Microbiota to Enhance Health and Immunity of Vulnerable Individuals During COVID-19 Pandemic

TypeinterventionalSponsorChinese University of Hong KongRan2021 to 2024Enrolled453ConditionsGut Microbiota, COVID-19 VaccineArmsMicrobiome immunity formula, Active placebo
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

335 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 648 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  11. Article
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  14. Innate Immunity and Microbial Recognition in Reproduction: From Barrier Defense to Maternal-Fetal Tolerance.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026
    Review
  15. Article
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  19. Effects of urban PM2.5 on primary sinonasal epithelial cells in individuals with chronic rhinosinusitis.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2026
    Article
  20. Article

275 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Sébastien JaillonHumanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, 20090, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy. sebastien.jaillon@humanitasresearch.it.
Kevin BerthenetHumanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
Cecilia GarlandaHumanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, 20090, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy. cecilia.garlanda@humanitasresearch.it.
Humanitas University · IT

Funding

Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro MFAG 2016 ID 18475Ministero della Salute RF-2013-02355470Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca PRIN 2015YYKPNN
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Sexual dimorphisms account for differences in clinical manifestations or incidence of infectious or autoimmune diseases and malignancy between females and males. Females develop enhanced innate and adaptive immune responses than males and are less susceptible to many infections of bacterial, viral, parasitic, and fungal origin and malignancies but in contrast, they are more prone to develop autoimmune diseases. The higher susceptibility to infections in males is observed from birth to adulthood, suggesting that sex chromosomes and not sex hormones have a major role in sexual dimorphism in innate immunity. Sex-based regulation of immune responses ultimately contributes to age-related disease development and life expectancy. Differences between males and females have been described in the expression of pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune response and in the functional responses of phagocytes and antigen presenting cells. Different factors have been shown to account for the sex-based disparity in immune responses, including genetic factors and hormonal mediators, which contribute independently to dimorphism in the innate immune response. For instance, several genes encoding for innate immune molecules are located on the X chromosome. In addition, estrogen and/or testosterone have been reported to modulate the differentiation, maturation, lifespan, and effector functions of innate immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells. In this review, we will focus on differences between males and females in innate immunity, which represents the first line of defense against pathogens and plays a fundamental role in the activation, regulation, and orientation of the adaptive immune response.

Indexed as

Sex CharacteristicsDendritic CellsEstrogensFemaleGenes, X-LinkedHumansImmunity, InnateKiller Cells, NaturalMacrophagesMaleMenopauseNeutrophilsPregnancyTestosteroneX-Linked Combined Immunodeficiency DiseasesEstrogensTestosteroneInnate immunitySex hormonesSexual dimorphismsX-linked immunodeficiency

Identifiers

PMID28963611
OpenAlexW2756945639

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.