ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2018
High Rates of Enteric Fever Diagnosis and Lower Burden of Culture-Confirmed Disease in Peri-urban and Rural Nepal.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Using hospital-based studies of community-onset bloodstream infections to make inferences about typhoid fever incidence.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2019Pooled it
- Persistent febrile illnesses in Nepal: A systematic review.The Indian journal of medical research · 2018Pooled it
- Safety and immunogenicity of conjugate vaccine for typhoid (Vi-DT): Finding from an observer-blind, active-controlled, randomized, non-inferiority, phase III clinical trial among healthy volunteers.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Trial
- Comparison of phylogenetic metrics of transmission between symptomatic and asymptomatic tuberculosis in individuals who were incarcerated in Brazil in 2008-24: a retrospective genomic epidemiology study.The Lancet. Microbe · 2026Article
- Rapid, low-cost colorimetric detection ofmBio · 2025Article
- Comparison of phylogenetic metrics of transmission in symptomatic and asymptomatic tuberculosis.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns and Prevalence ofInterdisciplinary perspectives on infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Salmonella Typhi, its associated factors and antimicrobial susceptibility profile among patients attending Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa, Ethiopia.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Detection of Salmonella Typhi bacteriophages in surface waters as a scalable approach to environmental surveillance.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Epidemiology of Multidrug-ResistantJournal of tropical medicine · 2024Article
- Typhoid fever.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2023Review
- Burden of Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever in India.The New England journal of medicine · 2023Article
- A robust host-response-based signature distinguishes bacterial and viral infections across diverse global populations.Cell reports. Medicine · 2022Article
- The international and intercontinental spread and expansion of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella Typhi: a genomic epidemiology study.The Lancet. Microbe · 2022Article
- Incidence of typhoid and paratyphoid fever in Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan: results of the Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project.The Lancet. Global health · 2022Article
- Facility-based disease surveillance and Bayesian hierarchical modeling to estimate endemic typhoid fever incidence, Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania, 2007-2018.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Therapeutic Potential of Selected Medicinal Plant Extracts against Multi-Drug ResistantSaudi journal of biological sciences · 2022Article
- Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility level of typhoid fever in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Preventive medicine reports · 2022Article
- The Burden of Typhoid Fever in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Perspective.Research and reports in tropical medicine · 2022Review
- Comparison of Strategies for Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine Introduction in India: A Cost-Effectiveness Modeling Study.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 8 institutions in 3 countries.
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Abstract
Background: In South Asia, data on enteric fever are sparse outside of urban areas. We characterized enteric fever diagnosis patterns and the burden of culture-confirmed cases in peri-urban and rural Nepal. Methods: We used national reports to estimate enteric fever diagnosis rates over 20 years (1994-2014) and conducted a prospective study of patients presenting with a >72-hour history of fever to 4 peri-urban and rural healthcare facilities (during August 2013-June 2016). We compared clinical characteristics of patients with culture-confirmed Salmonella Typhi or Paratyphi infection to those of patients without enteric fever. We used generalized additive models with logistic link functions to evaluate associations of age and population density with culture positivity. Results: National rates of enteric fever diagnosis were high, reaching 18.8 cases per 1000 during 2009-2014. We enrolled 4309 participants with acute febrile illness. Among those with a provisional clinical diagnosis, 55% (1334 of 2412) received a diagnosis of enteric fever; however, only 4.1% of these had culture-confirmed typhoidal Salmonella infection. Culture positivity was highest among young adults and was strongly associated with higher population density (P < .001). Conclusions: Enteric fever diagnosis rates were very high throughout Nepal, but in rural settings, few patients had culture-confirmed disease. Expanded surveillance may inform local enteric fever treatment and prevention strategies.
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