Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28961344›Full record

ArticleNMR in biomedicine2017

Investigation of the contribution of total creatine to the CEST Z-spectrum of brain using a knockout mouse model.

Lin Chen, Haifeng Zeng, Xiang Xu, Nirbhay N Yadav, Shuhui Cai, Nicolaas A Puts, Peter B Barker, Tong Li, Robert G Weiss, Peter C M van Zijl and 1 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in NMR in biomedicine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
64citing papers in PubMed
4.5field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

64 citing papers in PubMed, 94 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Effective Modeling of Continuous WaveMagnetic resonance in medicine · 2026
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  6. Mapping glycogen accumulation and treatment effect in Pompe disease with saturation transfer MRI.Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine · 2026
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4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Lin ChenDepartment of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Haifeng ZengRussell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Xiang XuRussell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Nirbhay N YadavRussell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Shuhui CaiDepartment of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Nicolaas A PutsRussell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Peter B BarkerRussell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Tong LiDepartment of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Robert G WeissRussell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Peter C M van ZijlRussell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Jiadi XuRussell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9698-5622
Kennedy Krieger Institute · USJohns Hopkins University · USXiamen University · CN

Funding

TR&D 4: Algorithms for functional and anatomical brain analysisP41EB015909 · NIBIB · HUGO W. MOSER RES INST KENNEDY KRIEGER · PI VAN ZIJL, PETER CM · 2012 to 2020
$13.1M
Development and Translation of D-glucose as a Diagnostic Agent for MRI of CancerR01EB019934 · NIBIB · HUGO W. MOSER RES INST KENNEDY KRIEGER · PI VAN ZIJL, PETER CM · 2015 to 2019
$5.7M
IN VIVO MURINE CARDIAC ENERGY METABOLISM AND FUNCTIONR01HL063030 · NHLBI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI WEISS, ROBERT G · 2000 to 2018
$4.9M
Novel Approaches for CEST Labeling, Detection, Quantification and TranslationR01EB015032 · NIBIB · HUGO W. MOSER RES INST KENNEDY KRIEGER · PI VAN ZIJL, PETER CM · 2011 to 2019
$3.9M
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL063030NIBIB NIH HHS P41 EB015909NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB015032NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB019934
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The current study aims to assign and estimate the total creatine (tCr) signal contribution to the Z-spectrum in mouse brain at 11.7 T. Creatine (Cr), phosphocreatine (PCr) and protein phantoms were used to confirm the presence of a guanidinium resonance at this field strength. Wild-type (WT) and knockout mice with guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase deficiency (GAMT-/-), which have low Cr and PCr concentrations in the brain, were used to assign the tCr contribution to the Z-spectrum. To estimate the total guanidinium concentrations, two pools for the Z-spectrum around 2 ppm were assumed: (i) a Lorentzian function representing the guanidinium chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) at 1.95 ppm in the 11.7-T Z-spectrum; and (ii) a background signal that can be fitted by a polynomial function. Comparison between the WT and GAMT-/- mice provided strong evidence for three types of contribution to the peak in the Z-spectrum at 1.95 ppm, namely proteins, Cr and PCr, the latter fitted as tCr. A ratio of 20 ± 7% (protein) and 80 ± 7% tCr was found in brain at 2 μT and 2 s saturation. Based on phantom experiments, the tCr peak was estimated to consist of about 83 ± 5% Cr and 17 ± 5% PCr. Maps for tCr of mouse brain were generated based on the peak at 1.95 ppm after concentration calibration with in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Indexed as

AnimalsBrainCreatineFemaleMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyMiceMice, Inbred BALB CMice, KnockoutPhosphocreatineCreatinePhosphocreatinechemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST)creatineguanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase deficiency (GAMT−/−)Lorentzian line-shape fittingmagnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)magnetization transferphosphate creatine

Identifiers

PMID28961344
PMCPMC5685917
OpenAlexW2760704924

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.