ArticleeLife2017
CpG and UpA dinucleotides in both coding and non-coding regions of echovirus 7 inhibit replication initiation post-entry.
Article in eLife, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transgene sequence codon optimization and composition determines replication competence of self-amplifying RNA.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- Immunopharmacological and structural design of a polyprotein based multi epitope vaccine against Powassan virus.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Increased or decreased numbers of CpG dinucleotide motifs in the genome of influenza A virus do not affectJournal of virology · 2026Article
- Effect of increased CpG and UpA dinucleotides in the West Nile virus genome on virus transmission byJournal of virology · 2025Article
- Understanding off-target growth defects introduced to influenza A virus by synonymous recoding.RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- West Nile virus vaccine candidates attenuated by dinucleotide enrichment are immunogenic and protective against lethal infection.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Design and nonviral delivery of live attenuated vaccine to prevent chronic hepatitis C virus-like infection.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Versatility of the Zinc-Finger Antiviral Protein (ZAP) As a Modulator of Viral Infections.International journal of biological sciences · 2024Review
- Strain-Dependent Restriction of Human Cytomegalovirus by Zinc Finger Antiviral Proteins.Journal of virology · 2023Article
- Article
- Comparison of CpG- and UpA-mediated restriction of RNA virus replication in mammalian and avian cells and investigation of potential ZAP-mediated shaping of host transcriptome compositions.RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2022Article
- TRIM25 and ZAP target the Ebola virus ribonucleoprotein complex to mediate interferon-induced restriction.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- Compositional biases in RNA viruses: Causes, consequences and applications.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. RNA · 2022Review
- CpG content in the Zika virus genome affects infection phenotypes in the adult brain and fetal lymph nodes.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Evolution and host adaptability of plant RNA viruses: Research insights on compositional biases.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2022Review
- Silent codon positions in the A-rich HIV RNA genome that do not easily become A: Restrictions imposed by the RNA sequence and structure.Virus evolution · 2022Article
- S-farnesylation is essential for antiviral activity of the long ZAP isoform against RNA viruses with diverse replication strategies.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Does the Zinc Finger Antiviral Protein (ZAP) Shape the Evolution of Herpesvirus Genomes?Viruses · 2021Review
- Variability in Codon Usage in Coronaviruses Is Mainly Driven by Mutational Bias and Selective Constraints on CpG Dinucleotide.Viruses · 2021Article
- Harnessing the Genetic Plasticity of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 to Target Suicidal Replication.Viruses · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Most vertebrate and plant RNA and small DNA viruses suppress genomic CpG and UpA dinucleotide frequencies, apparently mimicking host mRNA composition. Artificially increasing CpG/UpA dinucleotides attenuates viruses through an entirely unknown mechanism. Using the echovirus 7 (E7) model in several cell types, we show that the restriction in E7 replication in mutants with increased CpG/UpA dinucleotides occurred immediately after viral entry, with incoming virions failing to form replication complexes. Sequences of CpG/UpA-high virus stocks showed no evidence of increased mutational errors that would render them replication defective, these viral RNAs were not differentially sequestered in cytoplasmic stress granules nor did they induce a systemic antiviral state. Importantly, restriction was not mediated through effects on translation efficiency since replicons with high CpG/UpA sequences inserted into a non-coding region were similarly replication defective. Host-cells thus possess intrinsic defence pathways that prevent replication of viruses with increased CpG/UpA frequencies independently of codon usage.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.