ArticleScientific reports2017
The association between education and cardiovascular disease incidence is mediated by hypertension, diabetes, and body mass index.
Article in Scientific reports, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Cross-National and Cross-Generational Evidence That Educational Attainment May Slow the Pace of Aging in European-Descent Individuals.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Cardiovascular disease prevention by personalized health promotion considering educational attainment.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Cardiovascular risk profile according to World Health Organization medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use of women using hormonal contraception in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026Article
- Lifestyle and Cardiovascular Risk Factors by Educational Attainment in a Mediterranean Setting: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of a Population-Based Sample.Global heart · 2026Article
- Spatial heterogeneity and its influencing factors of cardiometabolic multimorbidity in a natural community population: a study based on Lingwu city, rural Northwest China.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Metal Mixtures Mediate the Socioeconomic Gradient in Blood Pressure: A Four-Way Decomposition in a Prospective Rural Bangladeshi Cohort.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Income, education, and the clustering of risk in cardiovascular disease in the US, 1999-2018: an observational study.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Article
- Gender and Educational Trends in Lifetime Risk, Age at Onset, Expectancy, and Survival With Cardiovascular Disease in Finland, 1996-2020.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2025Article
- Unlocking the link: predicting cardiovascular disease risk with a focus on airflow obstruction using machine learning.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2025Article
- Comparison of 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk in metropolitan and rural areas of South of Iran.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Explainable SHAP-XGBoost models for identifying important social factors associated with the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk score using the LASSO feature selection technique.Epidemiology and health · 2025Article
- The Association of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome-Like Clinical Features and Socioeconomic Status on Health-Related Quality of Life.Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Eligibility for marine omega-3 fatty acid supplementation after acute coronary syndromes.Atherosclerosis plus · 2024Article
- Omics Science and Social Aspects in Detecting Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Risk Prediction, and Outcomes of Carotid Stenosis.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Association of Arterial Stiffness Index and Brain Structure in the UK Biobank: A 10-Year Retrospective Analysis.Aging and disease · 2024Article
- Socioeconomic status as a potential mediator of arterial aging in marginalized ethnic and racial groups: current understandings and future directions.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2024Review
- Arsenic Exposure-Related Hypertension in Bangladesh and Reduced Circulating Nitric Oxide Bioavailability.Environmental health perspectives · 2024Article
- Mediating effect of BMI on the association of economic status and coexistence of hypertension and diabetes in Bangladesh: A counterfactual framework-based weighting approach.Health science reports · 2024Article
- Education and cardiovascular diseases: a Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Article
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
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Abstract
Education and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are inversely associated but the mediating factors have not been totally elucidated. Our aim was to analyze the mediating role of modifiable risk factors. Cohort study using the REGICOR population cohorts. Participants without previous CVD were included (n = 9226). Marginal structural models were used to analyze the association between education and CVD incidence at 6 years of follow-up. Mediation by modifiable risk factors (diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, smoking, body mass index, and physical activity) was assessed using the counterfactual framework. Participants with a university degree had a CVD incidence hazard ratio (HR) of 0.51 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.30, 0.85), compared to those with primary or lower education. Only hypertension, BMI, and diabetes mediated the association between education and CVD incidence, accounting for 26% of the association (13.9, 6.9, and 5.2%, respectively). Sensitivity analyses showed that hypertension was the strongest mediator (average causal mediation effect [95% CI] = increase of 2170 days free of CVD events [711, 4520]). The association between education and CVD incidence is partially mediated by hypertension, BMI, and diabetes. Interventions to decrease the prevalence of these risk factors could contribute to diminish the CVD inequalities associated with educational level.
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