ArticleVaccine2017
Human innate responses and adjuvant activity of TLR ligands in vivo in mice reconstituted with a human immune system.
Article in Vaccine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Poly-ICLC, a TLR3 Agonist, Induces Transient Innate Immune Responses in Patients With Treated HIV-Infection: A Randomized Double-Blinded Placebo Controlled Trial.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Trial
- Sex-based considerations in the choice for a TLR9 or TLR7/8 agonist to arm the sentinel lymph node in early-stage melanoma.Oncoimmunology · 2026Article
- A map of intra- and intercellular immune responses across diverse in vitro stimuli and inflammatory disease.Genome medicine · 2026Article
- Innovative adjuvant strategies for next-generation pertussis vaccines.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- HIV Virion Capturing Liposomes for Therapeutic Vaccination.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Chimeric hemagglutinin-based universal influenza mRNA vaccine induces protective immunity and bone marrow plasma cells in rhesus macaques.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Article
- CD24-Fc resolves inflammation and enhances anti-HIV CD8 T cells with polyfunctionality during HIV-1 infection under cART.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Nano-adjuvant based on lipo-imiquimod self-assembly for enhanced foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccine immune responsesMaterials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Developing T Cell Epitope-Based Vaccines Against Infection: Challenging but Worthwhile.Vaccines · 2025Review
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- Design, immunogenicity, and efficacy of a pan-sarbecovirus dendritic-cell targeting vaccine.EBioMedicine · 2022Article
- Advanced Immune Cell Profiling by Multiparameter Flow Cytometry in Humanized Patient-Derived Tumor Mice.Cancers · 2022Article
- Article
- Host-pathogen protein-nucleic acid interactions: A comprehensive review.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2022Review
- Anti-CD40 Antibody Fused to CD40 Ligand Is a Superagonist Platform for Adjuvant Intrinsic DC-Targeting Vaccines.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- TLR9- and CD40-Targeting Vaccination Promotes Human B Cell Maturation and IgG InductionFrontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Article
- TLR-9 agonist and CD40-targeting vaccination induces HIV-1 envelope-specific B cells with a diversified immunoglobulin repertoire in humanized mice.PLoS pathogens · 2020Article
- Identification of pathogenic TRAIL-expressing innate immune cells during HIV-1 infection in humanized mice by scRNA-Seq.JCI insight · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
TLR ligands (TLR-Ls) represent a class of novel vaccine adjuvants. However, their immunologic effects in humans remain poorly defined in vivo. Using a humanized mouse model with a functional human immune system, we investigated how different TLR-Ls stimulated human innate immune response in vivo and their applications as vaccine adjuvants for enhancing human cellular immune response. We found that splenocytes from humanized mice showed identical responses to various TLR-Ls as human PBMCs in vitro. To our surprise, various TLR-Ls stimulated human cytokines and chemokines differently in vivo compared to that in vitro. For example, CpG-A was most efficient to induce IFN-α production in vitro. In contrast, CpG-B, R848 and Poly I:C stimulated much more IFN-α than CpG-A in vivo. Importantly, the human innate immune response to specific TLR-Ls in humanized mice was different from that reported in C57BL/6 mice, but similar to that reported in nonhuman primates. Furthermore, we found that different TLR-Ls distinctively activated and mobilized human plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), myeloid DCs (mDCs) and monocytes in different organs. Finally, we showed that, as adjuvants, CpG-B, R848 and Poly I:C can all enhance antigen specific CD4
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.