Trial reportExperimental gerontology2018
Influenza vaccine-mediated protection in older adults: Impact of influenza infection, cytomegalovirus serostatus and vaccine dosage.
Trial report in Experimental gerontology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Immunogenicity and Safety of the Influenza Vaccine in COPD Patients, and Its Relevance with Real-World Effectiveness.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Pooled it
- Immunogenicity of influenza vaccine in elderly people: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, and its association with real-world effectiveness.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2020Pooled it
- Effect of latent cytomegalovirus infection on the antibody response to influenza vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2019Pooled it
- Limited Impact of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection in African Infants on Vaccine-Specific Responses Following Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis and Measles Vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Trial
- Immune aging biomarkers for clinical trials.Nature medicine · 2026Review
- Immunosenescence and susceptibility to respiratory viruses: a state-of-the-art review.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Review
- Vaccinations in older adults: Optimization, strategies, and latest guidelines.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2025Article
- Assessment of the Interferon-Lambda-3 Polymorphism in the Antibody Response to COVID-19 in Older Adults Seropositive for CMV.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Immunosenescence and Altered Vaccine Efficiency in Older Subjects: A Myth Difficult to Change.Vaccines · 2022Review
- CMV-associated T cell and NK cell terminal differentiation does not affect immunogenicity of ChAdOx1 vaccination.JCI insight · 2022Article
- Vaccine strain affects seroconversion after influenza vaccination in COPD patients and healthy older people.NPJ vaccines · 2022Article
- Vaccination of older adults: Influenza, pneumococcal disease, herpes zoster, COVID-19 and beyond.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2021Review
- Review
- Network Topology of Biological Aging and Geroscience-Guided Approaches to COVID-19.Frontiers in aging · 2021Article
- Changes in Cell-Mediated Immunity (IFN-γ and Granzyme B) Following Influenza Vaccination.Viruses · 2021Article
- Article
- Antibody and Cell-Mediated Immune Responses Are Correlates of Protection against Influenza Infection in Vaccinated Older Adults.Vaccines · 2021Article
- Latent CMV Infection Is Associated With Lower Influenza Virus-Specific Memory T-Cell Frequencies, but Not With an Impaired T-Cell Response to Acute Influenza Virus Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Aging and Options to Halt Declining Immunity to Virus Infections.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Vaccine responses in ageing and chronic viral infection.Oxford open immunology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Age-related changes in T-cell function are associated with a loss of influenza vaccine efficacy in older adults. Both antibody and cell-mediated immunity plays a prominent role in protecting older adults, particularly against the serious complications of influenza. High dose (HD) influenza vaccines induce higher antibody titers in older adults compared to standard dose (SD) vaccines, yet its impact on T-cell memory is not clear. The aim of this study was to compare the antibody and T-cell responses in older adults randomized to receive HD or SD influenza vaccine as well as determine whether cytomegalovirus (CMV) serostatus affects the response to vaccination, and identify differences in the response to vaccination in those older adults who subsequently have an influenza infection. Older adults (≥65years) were enrolled (n=106) and randomized to receive SD or HD influenza vaccine. Blood was collected pre-vaccination, followed by 4, 10 and 20weeks post-vaccination. Serum antibody titers, as well as levels of inducible granzyme B (iGrB) and cytokines were measured in PBMCs challenged ex vivo with live influenza virus. Surveillance conducted during the influenza season identified those with laboratory confirmed influenza illness or infection. HD influenza vaccination induced a high antibody titer and IL-10 response, and a short-lived increase in Th1 responses (IFN-γ and iGrB) compared to SD vaccination in PBMCs challenged ex vivo with live influenza virus. Of the older adults who became infected with influenza, a high IL-10 and iGrB response in virus-challenged cells was observed post-infection (week 10 to 20), as well as IFN-γ and TNF-α at week 20. Additionally, CMV seropositive older adults had an impaired iGrB response to influenza virus-challenge, regardless of vaccine dose. This study illustrates that HD influenza vaccines have little impact on the development of functional T-cell memory in older adults. Furthermore, poor outcomes of influenza infection in older adults may be due to a strong IL-10 response to influenza following vaccination, and persistent CMV infection.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.