ArticlePloS one2017
Socio-economic determinants of smoking among Iraqi adults: Data from Non-Communicable Risk Factor STEPS survey 2015.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Almost all working adults have at least one risk factor for non-communicable diseases: Survey of working adults in Eastern Ethiopia.PloS one · 2022Article
- Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in smoking in Turkey from 2008 to 2016.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Alcohol Consumption and Cigarette Smoking among Young Adults: An Instrumental Variable Analysis Using Alcohol Flushing.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Lifestyle Risk Factor Assessment Through WHO STEP Approach in Tabriz, Iran.ClinicoEconomics and outcomes research : CEOR · 2021Article
- Health profile of adult special immigrant visa holders arriving from Iraq and Afghanistan to the United States, 2009-2017: A cross-sectional analysis.PLoS medicine · 2020Article
- The prevalence of substance use among Russian, Somali and Kurdish migrants in Finland: a population-based study.BMC public health · 2018Article
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4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimHighlight the socio-economic determinants of smoking among Iraqi adults aged (18+) years.
methodThe study is derived from Non-Communicable Diseases Risk Factors STEPS survey Iraq 2015. A cross-sectional survey conducted among households from 15 Iraqi governorates. Nainawa, Salahaddin and Al-Anbar were excluded for unstable conditions. Multi-stage cluster sampling technique used to include 4120 Iraqi adults. Interviews started from the first week of November for 20 days using Arabic and Kurdish translated versions of STEPS questionnaire, at last 4071 valid questionnaire forms were gathered.
resultsAmong men, smoking rates decline with age, 18-39 years (OR: 1.74; 95%CI: 1.22-2.47) and 40-59 years (OR: 1.69; 95%CI: 1.18-2.44) compared to elderly. They also decline as education level increased, No schooling (OR: 2.74; 95%CI: 1.75-4.31), Less than primary school (OR: 2.46; 95%CI: 1.68-3.62), Primary school (OR: 2.15; 95%CI: 1.51-3.05) and Secondary school (OR: 1.99; 95%CI: 1.33-2.99). They were higher among non-governmental (OR: 1.58; 95%CI: 1.03-2.44) and self-employee (OR: 1.4; 95%CI: 1.06-1.84). The lowest smoking rates were found among women aged 18-39 years (OR: 0.34; 95%CI: 0.14-0.86). While the highest rates were found among self-employed women (OR: 5.3; 95%CI: 1.12-25.06).
conclusionsTobacco smoking was higher among men aged less than 40 years, low educated as well as non-governmental and self-employed people. While it was higher among elderly and self-employed women.
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