SynthesisJournal of the National Cancer Institute2017
The Role of Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, and Metabolic Factors in Pancreatic Cancer: A Mendelian Randomization Study.
Synthesis in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 147 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
147 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 272 citations in OpenAlex.
- Investigating the Salivary Biomarker Profile in Obesity: A Systematic Review.Current obesity reports · 2025Pooled it
- Mechanisms of obesity- and diabetes mellitus-related pancreatic carcinogenesis: a comprehensive and systematic review.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Pooled it
- Hypoglycemic agents and incidence of pancreatic cancer in diabetic patients: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Pooled it
- Systematic review of Mendelian randomization studies on risk of cancer.BMC medicine · 2022Pooled it
- The Association Between Metabolic Status and Risk of Cancer Among Patients With Obesity: Metabolically Healthy Obesity vs. Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Type 2 Diabetes and Cancer: An Umbrella Review of Observational and Mendelian Randomization Studies.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2021Pooled it
- Clinical Perspective on Proteomic and Glycomic Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Prediction of Pancreatic Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Pooled it
- Anthropometric traits, metabolic biomarkers, and pancreatic cancer risk: a causal mediation analysis in UK Biobank.British journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Metabolic Syndrome and Pancreatic Cancer: Linking Insulin Resistance, Inflammation, and Carcinogenesis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Regional Trends and Forecasts of Pancreatic Cancer Incidence in Poland: A Voivodeship-Level Analysis of Risk Factors.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Associations Between Obesity, Diabetes Mellitus, and Pancreatic Cancer in the Japanese Population: A Mendelian Randomization Study.Cancer science · 2026Article
- Development and validation of machine learning models integrating spectral computed tomography-derived three-dimensional quantitative parameters for predicting histopathological grade in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2026Article
- Different diabetes types and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a Mendelian randomization and pathway/gene-set analysis.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2026Article
- α-ketoglutarate/succinate ratio imbalance impairs thymine DNA glycosylase function and base excision repair process increasing susceptibility to pancreatic cancer.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- The ratio of omega-6 fatty acids to omega-3 fatty acids mediating the effect of gastroesophageal reflux disease on pancreatic cancer risk: a two-step mediation Mendelian randomisation study.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Article
- Prognostic and microenvironmental analysis of pancreatic cancer by tumor location.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Unraveling the Role of MDK-SDC4 Interaction in Pancreatic Cancer-Associated New-Onset Diabetes by Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Application of Mendelian randomization in the discovery of risk factors for cancer from 2014 to 2024: a bibliometric review.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- A Mendelian randomization study of type 2 diabetes and cancer risk in East Asians.Cancer cell international · 2025Article
87 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Risk factors for pancreatic cancer include a cluster of metabolic conditions such as obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Given that these risk factors are correlated, separating out causal from confounded effects is challenging. Mendelian randomization (MR), or the use of genetic instrumental variables, may facilitate the identification of the metabolic drivers of pancreatic cancer. Methods: We identified genetic instruments for obesity, body shape, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes in order to evaluate their causal role in pancreatic cancer etiology. These instruments were analyzed in relation to risk using a likelihood-based MR approach within a series of 7110 pancreatic cancer patients and 7264 control subjects using genome-wide data from the Pancreatic Cancer Cohort Consortium (PanScan) and the Pancreatic Cancer Case-Control Consortium (PanC4). Potential unknown pleiotropic effects were assessed using a weighted median approach and MR-Egger sensitivity analyses. Results: Results indicated a robust causal association of increasing body mass index (BMI) with pancreatic cancer risk (odds ratio [OR] = 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09 to 1.65, for each standard deviation increase in BMI [4.6 kg/m2]). There was also evidence that genetically increased fasting insulin levels were causally associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer (OR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.05 to 2.63, per SD [44.4 pmol/L]). Notably, no evidence of a causal relationship was observed for type 2 diabetes, nor for dyslipidemia. Sensitivity analyses did not indicate that pleiotropy was an important source of bias. Conclusions: Our results suggest a causal role of BMI and fasting insulin in pancreatic cancer etiology.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.