ArticlePsychoneuroendocrinology2017
Depressive symptoms are associated with salivary shedding of Epstein-Barr virus in female adolescents: The role of sex differences.
Article in Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bidirectional relationship between human herpes virus reactivation and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neurovirology · 2025Pooled it
- Immune-metabolic trajectories delineate subgroups in paediatric long COVID.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Unravelling the Viral Hypothesis of Schizophrenia: A Comprehensive Review of Mechanisms and Evidence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Chronic Stress May Amplify Gender/Sex Differences in Amygdala Reactivity to Ambiguous Emotional Stimuli.Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress · 2025Article
- Changes in Stress Following Wage Increases for Early Childhood Educators.Early childhood education journal · 2025Article
- Epstein-Barr virus as a potentiator of autoimmune diseases.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2024Review
- Epstein - Barr Virus Salivary Shedding in Patients with Acute Infectious Diseases: A Pilot Study.Acta stomatologica Croatica · 2024Article
- EBNA1 Inhibitors Block Proliferation of Spontaneous Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines From Patients With Multiple Sclerosis and Healthy Controls.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2023Article
- Associations of depression and anxiety and adolescent telomere length.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2023Article
- Everyday perceptions of safety and racial disparities in hair cortisol concentration.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2023Article
- Review
- Article
- Examination of control asymptomatic cohorts reveals heightened anti-EBV and HHV-6 A/B dUTPase antibodies in the aging populations.Journal of medical virology · 2022Article
- Stress-Induced Epstein-Barr Virus Reactivation.Biomolecules · 2021Review
- Sociodemographics and chronic stress in mother-toddler dyads living in poverty.Developmental psychobiology · 2021Article
- Censored data considerations and analytical approaches for salivary bioscience data.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2021Article
- Exposure to police-related deaths and physiological stress among urban black youth.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2021Article
- Atypical immune response to Epstein-Barr virus in major depressive disorder.Journal of affective disorders · 2020Article
- Functional Neuroimaging in Psychiatry-Aiding in Diagnosis and Guiding Treatment. What the American Psychiatric Association Does Not Know.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2020Review
- Hair cortisol and depressive symptoms in youth: An investigation of curvilinear relationships.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAdolescent females have a higher prevalence of depression in comparison to their male peers - a disparity that has been increasing over the past decade. Depression is of concern as it is associated with chronic disease and to immune dysregulation, which may be one mechanism linking depression to future pathology. This study examined the extent to which sex moderated the association between depressive symptoms and immune dysregulation during adolescence using Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation, a biomarker of cellular immune response, as a model.
methodsA representative community sample of 259 female and 279 male adolescents aged 11-17 years who were EBV IgG positive were examined. Trained interviewers collected the data during two home visits, one week apart. Depressive symptoms were measured at the first visit using the 9 item short-form of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale. EBV biomarkers were collected via saliva at the second visit and included a qualitative measure of EBV viral capsid antigen immunoglobulin G to assess prior EBV infection and a quantitative measure of EBV DNA to assess the number of viral copies shed in the saliva.
resultsIn multivariable logistic regression analyses, increasing depressive symptoms were significantly associated with salivary shedding of EBV DNA for adolescent females only (logit=0.66, se=0.30, p<0.05), and the interaction between sex and depressive symptoms on salivary shedding of EBV DNA was statistically significant (logit=-1.19, se=0.42, p<0.01). Sensitivity analyses were conducted in which sex was examined as a moderator in the relationship between depressive symptoms and salivary EBV DNA quantitative copies via Tobit regression; results were consistent with the presented findings.
conclusionsDepressive symptoms are associated with EBV reactivation among EBV positive female adolescents, but not males. Future research is needed to examine EBV reactivation in female adolescents as a mechanism linking depression to future chronic disease and the role of sex hormones in explaining sex differences in the relationship between depressive symptoms and EBV reactivation.
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