ArticleAttachment & human development2018
Disorganized attachment and defense: exploring John Bowlby's unpublished reflections.
Article in Attachment & human development, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Associations between infant social withdrawal and disorganized attachment.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- The Assessment of the Dissociation of Intimacy: Development and Psychometric Properties of the Dissociation of Intimacy Questionnaire (DIQ).European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2025Article
- Impathy and Emotion Recognition: How Attachment Shapes Self- and Other-Focused Emotion Processing.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Parenting Styles, Mental Health, and Catastrophizing in Women with Chronic Pelvic Pain: A Case-Control Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Self-Schema, Attachment Style, and Treatment Outcome of Patients in an Opiate Maintenance Treatment Unit.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
- Conceptual Analysis: A Social Neuroscience Approach to Interpersonal Interaction in the Context of Disruption and Disorganization of Attachment (NAMDA).Frontiers in psychiatry · 2020Review
- Current Perspectives on the Management of Reactive Attachment Disorder in Early Education.Psychology research and behavior management · 2020Review
- The infant disorganised attachment classification: "Patterning within the disturbance of coherence".Social science & medicine (1982) · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
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Abstract
Main and Solomon were the first to create a formal infant Strange Situation classification of attachment disorganization. Bowlby's reflections on the underlying psychological processes of such behaviors, however, began early in his career, including the term "disorganization." Most of these remained unpublished but are available through the John Bowlby Archive. Bowlby saw affective experiences as the source of the attachment behavioral system's organization and regulation, and he introduced the term "effector equipment" to describe the emergent organization of attention, expectation, affect, and behavior to orchestrate responses to the environment. In his thinking, disorganization results from threat conflict, safe haven ambiguity, and/or activation without assuagement, which interfere with coordination and integration across a behavioral system. Bowlby's unpublished writings also amplify his published work on segregated systems and defensive exclusion. Bowlby's insights are relevant today and can provide greater background and clarity to current work, as researchers and clinicians consider the origins, manifestations, and meaning of disorganization.
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