ArticleImmunity, inflammation and disease2018
IL-12 and IL-15 induce the expression of CXCR6 and CD49a on peripheral natural killer cells.
Article in Immunity, inflammation and disease, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dynamic Cytokine and Coagulation Profiling in Patients With Severe COVID‑19 Evaluated for Pulmonary Embolism: A Prospective Cohort Study.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026Observational
- CD49a expression defines a metabolically robust, cytokine-biased liver NK cell subset in rhesus macaques during lentivirus infection.Immunology and cell biology · 2026Article
- Transient Interferon-Driven Natural Killer Cell Activation in Acute Hepatitis C.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- The dual roles of natural killer cells in liver immunity and tolerance: Implications for health and disease.Hepatology communications · 2026Review
- Role of liver-resident NK cells in liver immunity.Hepatology international · 2025Review
- Boosting tumor homing of endogenous natural killer cells via therapeutic secretomes of chemically primed natural killer cells.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- The CXCR6-CXCL16 axis mediates T cell control of polyomavirus infection in the kidney.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Human tissue-resident NK cells in the lung have a higher glycolytic capacity than non-tissue-resident NK cells in the lung and blood.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- The nuclear export protein XPO1 provides a peptide ligand for natural killer cells.Science advances · 2024Article
- Natural Killer-Based Therapy: A Prospective Thought for Cancer Treatment Related to Diversified Drug Delivery Pathways.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Immune checkpoint therapy for solid tumours: clinical dilemmas and future trends.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Review
- The Important Roles of Natural Killer Cells in Liver Fibrosis.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Article
- The transcription factor RUNX2 drives the generation of human NK cells and promotes tissue residency.eLife · 2022Article
- Natural killer cell homing and trafficking in tissues and tumors: from biology to application.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2022Review
- Extracellular matrix proteins regulate NK cell function in peripheral tissues.Science advances · 2022Article
- CXCR6Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Monocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Inhibit Myofibroblastic Differentiation in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Through IL-15 Secretion.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Article
- Stem cells-derived natural killer cells for cancer immunotherapy: current protocols, feasibility, and benefits of ex vivo generated natural killer cells in treatment of advanced solid tumors.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2021Review
- Modulation of Siglec-7 Signaling Via In Situ-Created High-AffinityACS central science · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionMurine hepatic NK cells exhibit adaptive features, with liver-specific adhesion molecules CXCR6 and CD49a acting as surface markers.
methodsWe investigated human liver-resident CXCR6+ and CD49a+ NK cells using RNA sequencing, flow cytometry, and functional analysis. We further assessed the role of cytokines in generating NK cells with these phenotypes from the peripheral blood.
resultsHepatic CD49a+ NK cells could be induced using cytokines and produce high quantities of IFNγ and TNFα, in contrast to hepatic CXCR6+ NK cells. RNA sequencing of liver-resident CXCR6+ NK cells confirmed a tolerant immature phenotype with reduced expression of markers associated with maturity and cytotoxicity. Liver-resident double-positive CXCR6 + CD49a+ hepatic NK cells are immature but maintain high expression of Th1 cytokines as observed for single-positive CD49a+ NK cells. We show that stimulation with activating cytokines can readily induce upregulation of both CD49a and CXCR6 on NK cells in the peripheral blood. In particular, IL-12 and IL-15 can generate CXCR6 + CD49a+ NK cells in vitro from NK cells isolated from the peripheral blood, with comparable phenotypic and functional features to liver-resident CD49a+ NK cells, including enhanced IFNγ and NKG2C expression.
conclusionIL-12 and IL-15 may be key for generating NK cells with a tissue-homing phenotype and strong Th1 cytokine profile in the blood, and links peripheral activation of NK cells with tissue-homing. These findings may have important therapeutic implications for immunotherapy of chronic liver disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.