ArticlePloS one2017
Evaluation of community pharmacies regarding dispensing practices of antibiotics in two districts of central Nepal.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed.
- Antibiotic dispensing practices and patterns of non-prescription antibiotic sales among retail drug outlets in Ghana.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Impact Assessment of an Educational Intervention Toward Rational Antibiotic Use Among Community Pharmacists in Nepal.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2025Article
- Understanding antibiotic purchasing practices in community pharmacies: A potential driver of emerging antimicrobial resistance.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2024Article
- Article
- Drivers of antimicrobial resistance within the communities of Nepal from One Health perspective: a scoping review.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Community Pharmacies in the Asian Countries of Developing Health System: Formation, Regulation, and Implication.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Detection of blaBMC microbiology · 2023Article
- Antibiotics Prescription, Dispensing Practices and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern in Common Pathogens in Nepal: A Narrative Review.Microbiology insights · 2023Review
- Profiling of antimicrobial dispensing practices in accredited drug dispensing outlets in Tanzania: a mixed-method cross-sectional study focusing on pediatric patients.BMC health services research · 2022Article
- Prioritizing intervention measures to prevent inappropriate self-medication practices using the Analytical Hierarchy Process.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2022Article
- Knowledge and practice of community pharmacists towards SGLT2 inhibitors.F1000Research · 2022Article
- Dispensing of antibiotics without a prescription by community pharmacies in Nepal: A call for action.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2021Article
- Motivating antibiotic stewardship in Bangladesh: identifying audiences and target behaviours using the behaviour change wheel.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Why do people purchase antibiotics over-the-counter? A qualitative study with patients, clinicians and dispensers in central, eastern and western Nepal.BMJ global health · 2021Article
- History taking and response to an adult diarrheal case among community drug retail outlets in Gondar town, north-west Ethiopia: a simulated-client survey.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2021Article
- Antibiotic Dispensation without a Prescription Worldwide: A Systematic Review.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Knowledge and Practices in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Corneal Infections by Nepalese Pharmaceutical Shop Workers.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2020Article
- Compliance of private pharmacies in Uganda with controlled prescription drugs regulations: a mixed-methods study.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2020Article
- Community Pharmacy Personnel Understanding of Antibiotic Dispensing in Eastern Nepal.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2020Article
- Knowledge, awareness and preparedness regarding coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic among community pharmacy practitioners working in Kathmandu, Nepal: A pilot study.SAGE open medicine · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate the status of community pharmacies, their staff, and practices toward dispensing antibiotics.
designCross-sectional, prospective. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Community pharmacies in two districts of central Nepal, from March 2016 to May 2016.
methodsA systematic random sampling approach was adopted to sample 161 community pharmacies. Data on the registration status of pharmacies, qualification or training of dispensing staff, and the practice of dispensing antibiotics were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire. Face to face interviews were carried out by a previously trained interviewer. Data were analyzed for descriptive and inferential statistics using IBM SPSS Statistics 21.
resultsAmong 161 community pharmacies, 25% were not registered and most of them were located in rural areas. It was typical (66.5%) to dispense antibiotics without prescription and most (91.4%) of the staffs involved in dispensing were non-pharmacists. Furthermore, the study revealed common practices of replacing one brand of antibiotic with other brands (66%), dispensing incomplete courses of antibiotics (73%), and not giving any advice regarding antibiotic use (39%) or completion of a full course of therapy (80%). There were significant (p < 0.001) relationships between the location of pharmacies (rural vs urban) and the qualifications of the pharmacy staff.
conclusionDispensing antibiotics without prescription and by non-pharmacists are common in this region. The study also found several issues regarding the irrational use of antibiotics. Thus, there is an urgent need to address these issues and promote the informed use of antibiotics.
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