Observational studyIntensive care medicine2017
Acute hypoxemic respiratory failure in immunocompromised patients: the Efraim multinational prospective cohort study.
Observational study in Intensive care medicine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 120 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
120 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 302 citations in OpenAlex.
- Observational studies of early versus late salvage therapies in critical care exhibit intrinsic selection bias: two meta-analyses.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Pooled it
- High-flow nasal oxygen therapy compared with conventional oxygen therapy in hospitalised patients with respiratory illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open respiratory research · 2024Pooled it
- Incidence of noninvasive ventilation failure and mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a systematic review and proportion meta-analysis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2024Pooled it
- The Impact of High-Flow Nasal Cannula on the Outcome of Immunocompromised Patients with Acute Respiratory Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2019Pooled it
- The use of high-flow nasal oxygen vs. standard oxygen therapy in hematological malignancy patients with acute respiratory failure in hematology wardsTurkish journal of medical sciences · 2021Trial
- Center effect in intubation risk in critically ill immunocompromised patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure.Critical care (London, England) · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Impact of flow and temperature on patient comfort during respiratory support by high-flow nasal cannula.Critical care (London, England) · 2018Trial
- Comparison of HACOR score and ROX index for predicting noninvasive ventilation failure in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: a prospective study.Irish journal of medical science · 2026Article
- Epidemiology, risk factors and clinical outcome of community-acquired pneumonia in severely immunosuppressed patients: a comprehensive analysis from the multinational, prospective CAPNETZ Cohort.ERJ open research · 2026Article
- Article
- Intensivist and Hematologist Perceptions of Prognosis of Critically Ill Patients with Hematologic Malignancies.Journal of intensive care medicine · 2026Article
- Oxygenation-Based Severity Stratification and a Proposed Clinical Diagnostic Workflow for Non-HIVJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Performance of the Ventilatory Ratio to Predict Intubation in Patients With COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.Critical care explorations · 2026Article
- High-flow nasal therapy vs conventional oxygen therapy in mild COVID-19 hypoxaemia: a Bayesian reanalysis of the COVID-HIGH Trial.Journal of anesthesia, analgesia and critical care · 2026Article
- Dynamic changes in mortality risk factors for acute leukemia patients in the ICU and Post-ICU periods.Annals of hematology · 2026Article
- Impact of glucocorticoid therapy on short- and long-term mortality in immunocompromised patients with community-acquired pneumonia in the ICU: a retrospective cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Acute kidney injury in immunocompromised patients with acute respiratory failure: insights from the HIGH clinical trial and relation with mechanical ventilation.Annals of intensive care · 2026Article
- Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria Pneumonia in Immunocompromised ICU Patients: A Retrospective Study.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Dyspnea as a marker of prognosis in immunocompromised patients with acute respiratory failure.Annals of intensive care · 2026Article
60 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
38 authors at 18 institutions in 16 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn immunocompromised patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (ARF), initial management aims primarily to avoid invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV).
methodsTo assess the impact of initial management on IMV and mortality rates, we performed a multinational observational prospective cohort study in 16 countries (68 centers).
resultsA total of 1611 patients were enrolled (hematological malignancies 51.9%, solid tumors 35.2%, systemic diseases 17.3%, and solid organ transplantation 8.8%). The main ARF etiologies were bacterial (29.5%), viral (15.4%), and fungal infections (14.7%), or undetermined (13.2%). On admission, 915 (56.8%) patients were not intubated. They received standard oxygen (N = 496, 53.9%), high-flow oxygen (HFNC, N = 187, 20.3%), noninvasive ventilation (NIV, N = 153, 17.2%), and NIV + HFNC (N = 79, 8.6%). Factors associated with IMV included age (hazard ratio = 0.92/year, 95% CI 0.86-0.99), day-1 SOFA (1.09/point, 1.06-1.13), day-1 PaO
conclusionHFNC has an effect on intubation but not on mortality rates. Failure to identify ARF etiology is associated with higher rates of both intubation and mortality. This suggests that in addition to selecting the appropriate oxygenation device, clinicians should strive to identify the etiology of ARF.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.